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The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations

Studies on living turtles have demonstrated that shells are involved in the resistance to hypoxia during apnea via bone acidosis buffering; a process which is complemented with cutaneous respiration, transpharyngeal and cloacal gas exchanges in the soft-shell turtles. Bone acidosis buffering during...

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Autores principales: Clarac, François, Scheyer, Torsten M., Desojo, Julia B., Cerda, Ignacio A., Sanchez, Sophie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7017437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31928197
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0132
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author Clarac, François
Scheyer, Torsten M.
Desojo, Julia B.
Cerda, Ignacio A.
Sanchez, Sophie
author_facet Clarac, François
Scheyer, Torsten M.
Desojo, Julia B.
Cerda, Ignacio A.
Sanchez, Sophie
author_sort Clarac, François
collection PubMed
description Studies on living turtles have demonstrated that shells are involved in the resistance to hypoxia during apnea via bone acidosis buffering; a process which is complemented with cutaneous respiration, transpharyngeal and cloacal gas exchanges in the soft-shell turtles. Bone acidosis buffering during apnea has also been identified in crocodylian osteoderms, which are also known to employ heat transfer when basking. Although diverse, many of these functions rely on one common trait: the vascularization of the dermal shield. Here, we test whether the above ecophysiological functions played an adaptive role in the evolutionary transitions between land and aquatic environments in both Pseudosuchia and Testudinata. To do so, we measured the bone porosity as a proxy for vascular density in a set of dermal plates before performing phylogenetic comparative analyses. For both lineages, the dermal plate porosity obviously varies depending on the animal lifestyle, but these variations prove to be highly driven by phylogenetic relationships. We argue that the complexity of multi-functional roles of the post-cranial dermal skeleton in both Pseudosuchia and Testudinata probably is the reason for a lack of obvious physiological signal, and we discuss the role of the dermal shield vascularization in the evolution of these groups. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vertebrate palaeophysiology’.
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spelling pubmed-70174372020-03-04 The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations Clarac, François Scheyer, Torsten M. Desojo, Julia B. Cerda, Ignacio A. Sanchez, Sophie Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Articles Studies on living turtles have demonstrated that shells are involved in the resistance to hypoxia during apnea via bone acidosis buffering; a process which is complemented with cutaneous respiration, transpharyngeal and cloacal gas exchanges in the soft-shell turtles. Bone acidosis buffering during apnea has also been identified in crocodylian osteoderms, which are also known to employ heat transfer when basking. Although diverse, many of these functions rely on one common trait: the vascularization of the dermal shield. Here, we test whether the above ecophysiological functions played an adaptive role in the evolutionary transitions between land and aquatic environments in both Pseudosuchia and Testudinata. To do so, we measured the bone porosity as a proxy for vascular density in a set of dermal plates before performing phylogenetic comparative analyses. For both lineages, the dermal plate porosity obviously varies depending on the animal lifestyle, but these variations prove to be highly driven by phylogenetic relationships. We argue that the complexity of multi-functional roles of the post-cranial dermal skeleton in both Pseudosuchia and Testudinata probably is the reason for a lack of obvious physiological signal, and we discuss the role of the dermal shield vascularization in the evolution of these groups. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vertebrate palaeophysiology’. The Royal Society 2020-03-02 2020-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7017437/ /pubmed/31928197 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0132 Text en © 2020 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Articles
Clarac, François
Scheyer, Torsten M.
Desojo, Julia B.
Cerda, Ignacio A.
Sanchez, Sophie
The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations
title The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations
title_full The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations
title_fullStr The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations
title_full_unstemmed The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations
title_short The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations
title_sort evolution of dermal shield vascularization in testudinata and pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7017437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31928197
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0132
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