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Current Data on Dietary Sodium, Arterial Structure and Function in Humans: A Systematic Review

Background: Subclinical arterial damage (SAD) (arteriosclerosis, arterial remodeling and atheromatosis) pre-exists decades before cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset. Worldwide, sodium (Na) intake is almost double international recommendations and has been linked with CVD and death, although in a J-s...

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Autores principales: Tsirimiagkou, Christiana, Basdeki, Eirini D., Argyris, Antonios, Manios, Yannis, Yannakoulia, Maria, Protogerou, Athanase D., Karatzi, Kalliopi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861381
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010005
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author Tsirimiagkou, Christiana
Basdeki, Eirini D.
Argyris, Antonios
Manios, Yannis
Yannakoulia, Maria
Protogerou, Athanase D.
Karatzi, Kalliopi
author_facet Tsirimiagkou, Christiana
Basdeki, Eirini D.
Argyris, Antonios
Manios, Yannis
Yannakoulia, Maria
Protogerou, Athanase D.
Karatzi, Kalliopi
author_sort Tsirimiagkou, Christiana
collection PubMed
description Background: Subclinical arterial damage (SAD) (arteriosclerosis, arterial remodeling and atheromatosis) pre-exists decades before cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset. Worldwide, sodium (Na) intake is almost double international recommendations and has been linked with CVD and death, although in a J-shape manner. Studies regarding dietary Na and major types of SAD may provide pathophysiological insight into the association between Na and CVD. Objectives: Systematic review of data derived from observational and interventional studies in humans, investigating the association between dietary Na with (i) atheromatosis (arterial plaques); (ii) arteriosclerosis (various biomarkers of arterial stiffness); (iii) arterial remodeling (intima–media thickening and arterial lumen diameters). Data sources: Applying the PRISMA criteria, the PubMed and Scopus databases were used. Results: 36 studies were included: 27 examining arteriosclerosis, four arteriosclerosis and arterial remodeling, three arterial remodeling, and two arterial remodeling and atheromatosis. Conclusions: (i) Although several studies exist, the evidence does not clearly support a clinically meaningful and direct (independent from blood pressure) effect of Na on arterial wall stiffening; (ii) data regarding the association of dietary Na with arterial remodeling are limited, mostly suggesting a positive trend between dietary Na and arterial hypertrophy but still inconclusive; (iii) as regards to atheromatosis, data are scarce and the available studies present high heterogeneity. Further state-of-the-art interventional studies must address the remaining controversies.
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spelling pubmed-70192332020-03-04 Current Data on Dietary Sodium, Arterial Structure and Function in Humans: A Systematic Review Tsirimiagkou, Christiana Basdeki, Eirini D. Argyris, Antonios Manios, Yannis Yannakoulia, Maria Protogerou, Athanase D. Karatzi, Kalliopi Nutrients Review Background: Subclinical arterial damage (SAD) (arteriosclerosis, arterial remodeling and atheromatosis) pre-exists decades before cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset. Worldwide, sodium (Na) intake is almost double international recommendations and has been linked with CVD and death, although in a J-shape manner. Studies regarding dietary Na and major types of SAD may provide pathophysiological insight into the association between Na and CVD. Objectives: Systematic review of data derived from observational and interventional studies in humans, investigating the association between dietary Na with (i) atheromatosis (arterial plaques); (ii) arteriosclerosis (various biomarkers of arterial stiffness); (iii) arterial remodeling (intima–media thickening and arterial lumen diameters). Data sources: Applying the PRISMA criteria, the PubMed and Scopus databases were used. Results: 36 studies were included: 27 examining arteriosclerosis, four arteriosclerosis and arterial remodeling, three arterial remodeling, and two arterial remodeling and atheromatosis. Conclusions: (i) Although several studies exist, the evidence does not clearly support a clinically meaningful and direct (independent from blood pressure) effect of Na on arterial wall stiffening; (ii) data regarding the association of dietary Na with arterial remodeling are limited, mostly suggesting a positive trend between dietary Na and arterial hypertrophy but still inconclusive; (iii) as regards to atheromatosis, data are scarce and the available studies present high heterogeneity. Further state-of-the-art interventional studies must address the remaining controversies. MDPI 2019-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7019233/ /pubmed/31861381 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010005 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tsirimiagkou, Christiana
Basdeki, Eirini D.
Argyris, Antonios
Manios, Yannis
Yannakoulia, Maria
Protogerou, Athanase D.
Karatzi, Kalliopi
Current Data on Dietary Sodium, Arterial Structure and Function in Humans: A Systematic Review
title Current Data on Dietary Sodium, Arterial Structure and Function in Humans: A Systematic Review
title_full Current Data on Dietary Sodium, Arterial Structure and Function in Humans: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Current Data on Dietary Sodium, Arterial Structure and Function in Humans: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Current Data on Dietary Sodium, Arterial Structure and Function in Humans: A Systematic Review
title_short Current Data on Dietary Sodium, Arterial Structure and Function in Humans: A Systematic Review
title_sort current data on dietary sodium, arterial structure and function in humans: a systematic review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861381
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010005
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