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Iodine Status, Thyroid Function, and Birthweight: A Complex Relationship in High-Risk Pregnancies

(1) Background: The consequences of iodine deficiency and/or thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy have been extensively studied, emphasizing on infant neurodevelopment. However, the available information about the relationship between iodine, thyroid hormones, and fetal growth in high-risk pregnanci...

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Autores principales: Velasco, Inés, Sánchez-Gila, Mar, Manzanares, Sebastián, Taylor, Peter, García-Fuentes, Eduardo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019691/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936405
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010177
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author Velasco, Inés
Sánchez-Gila, Mar
Manzanares, Sebastián
Taylor, Peter
García-Fuentes, Eduardo
author_facet Velasco, Inés
Sánchez-Gila, Mar
Manzanares, Sebastián
Taylor, Peter
García-Fuentes, Eduardo
author_sort Velasco, Inés
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: The consequences of iodine deficiency and/or thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy have been extensively studied, emphasizing on infant neurodevelopment. However, the available information about the relationship between iodine, thyroid hormones, and fetal growth in high-risk pregnancies is limited. We aim to investigate if iodine metabolism and/or thyroid parameters can be affected by adverse antenatal/perinatal conditions. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study examined differences in iodine status, thyroid function, and birthweight between high-risk (HR group; n = 108)) and low-risk pregnancies (LR group; n = 233) at the time of birth. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), iodine levels in amniotic fluid, and thyroid parameters [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4)] were measured in mother–baby pairs. (3) Results: There were significant differences between HR and LR groups, free thyroxine (FT4) concentration in cord blood was significantly higher in the LR group compared with HR pregnancies (17.06 pmol/L vs. 15.30 pmol/L, respectively; p < 0.001), meanwhile iodine concentration in amniotic fluid was significantly lower (13.11 µg/L vs. 19.65 µg/L, respectively; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that an adverse intrauterine environment can compromise the availability of FT4 in cord blood as well as the iodine metabolism in the fetus. These differences are more noticeable in preterm and/or small fetuses.
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spelling pubmed-70196912020-03-09 Iodine Status, Thyroid Function, and Birthweight: A Complex Relationship in High-Risk Pregnancies Velasco, Inés Sánchez-Gila, Mar Manzanares, Sebastián Taylor, Peter García-Fuentes, Eduardo J Clin Med Article (1) Background: The consequences of iodine deficiency and/or thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy have been extensively studied, emphasizing on infant neurodevelopment. However, the available information about the relationship between iodine, thyroid hormones, and fetal growth in high-risk pregnancies is limited. We aim to investigate if iodine metabolism and/or thyroid parameters can be affected by adverse antenatal/perinatal conditions. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study examined differences in iodine status, thyroid function, and birthweight between high-risk (HR group; n = 108)) and low-risk pregnancies (LR group; n = 233) at the time of birth. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), iodine levels in amniotic fluid, and thyroid parameters [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4)] were measured in mother–baby pairs. (3) Results: There were significant differences between HR and LR groups, free thyroxine (FT4) concentration in cord blood was significantly higher in the LR group compared with HR pregnancies (17.06 pmol/L vs. 15.30 pmol/L, respectively; p < 0.001), meanwhile iodine concentration in amniotic fluid was significantly lower (13.11 µg/L vs. 19.65 µg/L, respectively; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that an adverse intrauterine environment can compromise the availability of FT4 in cord blood as well as the iodine metabolism in the fetus. These differences are more noticeable in preterm and/or small fetuses. MDPI 2020-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7019691/ /pubmed/31936405 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010177 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Velasco, Inés
Sánchez-Gila, Mar
Manzanares, Sebastián
Taylor, Peter
García-Fuentes, Eduardo
Iodine Status, Thyroid Function, and Birthweight: A Complex Relationship in High-Risk Pregnancies
title Iodine Status, Thyroid Function, and Birthweight: A Complex Relationship in High-Risk Pregnancies
title_full Iodine Status, Thyroid Function, and Birthweight: A Complex Relationship in High-Risk Pregnancies
title_fullStr Iodine Status, Thyroid Function, and Birthweight: A Complex Relationship in High-Risk Pregnancies
title_full_unstemmed Iodine Status, Thyroid Function, and Birthweight: A Complex Relationship in High-Risk Pregnancies
title_short Iodine Status, Thyroid Function, and Birthweight: A Complex Relationship in High-Risk Pregnancies
title_sort iodine status, thyroid function, and birthweight: a complex relationship in high-risk pregnancies
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019691/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936405
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010177
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