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Subclinical Mastitis in a European Multicenter Cohort: Prevalence, Impact on Human Milk (HM) Composition, and Association with Infant HM Intake and Growth

Background: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland. We examined the effects of SCM on human milk (HM) composition, infant growth, and HM intake in a mother–infant cohort from seven European countries. Methods: HM samples were obtained from 305 mothers at 2, 17,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Samuel, Tinu Mary, De Castro, Carlos Antonio, Dubascoux, Stephane, Affolter, Michael, Giuffrida, Francesca, Billeaud, Claude, Picaud, Jean-Charles, Agosti, Massimo, Al-Jashi, Isam, Pereira, Almerinda Barroso, Costeira, Maria Jose, Silva, Maria Gorett, Marchini, Giovanna, Rakza, Thameur, Haaland, Kirsti, Stiris, Tom, Stoicescu, Silvia-Maria, Martínez-Costa, Cecilia, Vanpee, Mireilla, Domellöf, Magnus, Castañeda-Gutiérrez, Eurídice, Thakkar, Sagar Kiran, Silva-Zolezzi, Irma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31905959
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010105
Descripción
Sumario:Background: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland. We examined the effects of SCM on human milk (HM) composition, infant growth, and HM intake in a mother–infant cohort from seven European countries. Methods: HM samples were obtained from 305 mothers at 2, 17, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days postpartum. SCM status was assessed using HM Sodium (Na): Potassium (K) ratio >0.6. Levels of different macro- and micronutrients were analyzed in HM. Results: SCM prevalence in the first month of lactation was 35.4%. Mean gestational age at delivery was lower and birth by C-section higher in SCM mothers (p ≤ 0.001). HM concentrations of lactose, DHA, linolenic acid, calcium, and phosphorous (p < 0.05 for all) was lower, while total protein, alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, albumin, arachidonic acid to DHA ratio, n-6 to n-3 ratio and minerals (iron, selenium, manganese, zinc, and copper) were higher (p < 0.001 for all) in mothers with SCM. There were no differences in infant growth and HM intake between non-SCM and SCM groups. Conclusion: We document, for the first time, in a large European standardized and longitudinal study, a high prevalence of SCM in early lactation and demonstrate that SCM is associated with significant changes in the macro- and micronutrient composition of HM. Future studies exploring the relation of SCM with breastfeeding behaviors and developmental outcomes are warranted.