Cargando…

Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

Background: To measure daily sodium intake in patients on chronic hemodialysis and to compare the intake of nutrients, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins in patients who had a daily sodium intake below or above the value of 1500 mg recommended by the American Heart Association. Methods: Dietary...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bossola, Maurizio, Di Stasio, Enrico, Viola, Antonella, Cenerelli, Stefano, Leo, Alessandra, Santarelli, Stefano, Monteburini, Tania
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019794/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963892
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010260
_version_ 1783497601819082752
author Bossola, Maurizio
Di Stasio, Enrico
Viola, Antonella
Cenerelli, Stefano
Leo, Alessandra
Santarelli, Stefano
Monteburini, Tania
author_facet Bossola, Maurizio
Di Stasio, Enrico
Viola, Antonella
Cenerelli, Stefano
Leo, Alessandra
Santarelli, Stefano
Monteburini, Tania
author_sort Bossola, Maurizio
collection PubMed
description Background: To measure daily sodium intake in patients on chronic hemodialysis and to compare the intake of nutrients, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins in patients who had a daily sodium intake below or above the value of 1500 mg recommended by the American Heart Association. Methods: Dietary intake was recorded for 3 days by means of 3-day diet diaries in prevalent patients on chronic hemodialysis. Each patient was instructed by a dietitian on how to fill the diary, which was subsequently signed by a next of kin. Results: We studied 127 patients. Mean sodium intake (mg) was 1295.9 ± 812.3. Eighty-seven (68.5%) patients had a daily sodium intake <1500 mg (group 1) and 40 (31.5%) ≥ 1500 mg (group 2). Correlation between daily sodium intake and daily calorie intake was significant (r = 0.474 [0.327 to 0.599]; p < 0.0001). Daily calorie intake (kcal/kg/day) was lower in group 1 (21.1 ± 6.6; p = 0.0001) than in group 2 (27.1 ± 10.4). Correlation between daily sodium intake and daily protein intake was significant (r = 0.530 [0.392 to 0.644]; p < 0.0001). The daily protein intake (grams/kg/day) was lower in group 1 (0.823 ± 0.275; p = 0.0003) than in group 2 (1.061 ± 0.419). Daily intake of magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and selenium was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Daily intake of vitamin A, B2, B3, and C did not differ significantly between group 1 and group 2. Daily intake of vitamin B1 was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Significantly lower was, in group 1 than in group 2, the percentage of patients within the target value with regard to intake of calories (11.5% vs. 37.5%; p = 0.001) and proteins (9.2% vs. 27.5%; p = 0.015) as well as of iron (23% vs. 45%; p = 0.020), zinc (13.8% vs. 53.8%; p = 0.008) and vitamin B1 (8.1% vs. 50%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: A low daily intake of sodium is associated with an inadequately low intake of calorie, proteins, minerals, trace elements, and vitamin B1. Nutritional counselling aimed to reduce the intake of sodium in patients on chronic hemodialysis should not disregard an adequate intake of macro- and micronutrients, otherwise the risk of malnutrition is high.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7019794
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-70197942020-03-09 Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis Bossola, Maurizio Di Stasio, Enrico Viola, Antonella Cenerelli, Stefano Leo, Alessandra Santarelli, Stefano Monteburini, Tania Nutrients Article Background: To measure daily sodium intake in patients on chronic hemodialysis and to compare the intake of nutrients, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins in patients who had a daily sodium intake below or above the value of 1500 mg recommended by the American Heart Association. Methods: Dietary intake was recorded for 3 days by means of 3-day diet diaries in prevalent patients on chronic hemodialysis. Each patient was instructed by a dietitian on how to fill the diary, which was subsequently signed by a next of kin. Results: We studied 127 patients. Mean sodium intake (mg) was 1295.9 ± 812.3. Eighty-seven (68.5%) patients had a daily sodium intake <1500 mg (group 1) and 40 (31.5%) ≥ 1500 mg (group 2). Correlation between daily sodium intake and daily calorie intake was significant (r = 0.474 [0.327 to 0.599]; p < 0.0001). Daily calorie intake (kcal/kg/day) was lower in group 1 (21.1 ± 6.6; p = 0.0001) than in group 2 (27.1 ± 10.4). Correlation between daily sodium intake and daily protein intake was significant (r = 0.530 [0.392 to 0.644]; p < 0.0001). The daily protein intake (grams/kg/day) was lower in group 1 (0.823 ± 0.275; p = 0.0003) than in group 2 (1.061 ± 0.419). Daily intake of magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and selenium was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Daily intake of vitamin A, B2, B3, and C did not differ significantly between group 1 and group 2. Daily intake of vitamin B1 was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Significantly lower was, in group 1 than in group 2, the percentage of patients within the target value with regard to intake of calories (11.5% vs. 37.5%; p = 0.001) and proteins (9.2% vs. 27.5%; p = 0.015) as well as of iron (23% vs. 45%; p = 0.020), zinc (13.8% vs. 53.8%; p = 0.008) and vitamin B1 (8.1% vs. 50%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: A low daily intake of sodium is associated with an inadequately low intake of calorie, proteins, minerals, trace elements, and vitamin B1. Nutritional counselling aimed to reduce the intake of sodium in patients on chronic hemodialysis should not disregard an adequate intake of macro- and micronutrients, otherwise the risk of malnutrition is high. MDPI 2020-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7019794/ /pubmed/31963892 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010260 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bossola, Maurizio
Di Stasio, Enrico
Viola, Antonella
Cenerelli, Stefano
Leo, Alessandra
Santarelli, Stefano
Monteburini, Tania
Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
title Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
title_full Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
title_fullStr Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
title_short Dietary Daily Sodium Intake Lower than 1500 mg Is Associated with Inadequately Low Intake of Calorie, Protein, Iron, Zinc and Vitamin B1 in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
title_sort dietary daily sodium intake lower than 1500 mg is associated with inadequately low intake of calorie, protein, iron, zinc and vitamin b1 in patients on chronic hemodialysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019794/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963892
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010260
work_keys_str_mv AT bossolamaurizio dietarydailysodiumintakelowerthan1500mgisassociatedwithinadequatelylowintakeofcalorieproteinironzincandvitaminb1inpatientsonchronichemodialysis
AT distasioenrico dietarydailysodiumintakelowerthan1500mgisassociatedwithinadequatelylowintakeofcalorieproteinironzincandvitaminb1inpatientsonchronichemodialysis
AT violaantonella dietarydailysodiumintakelowerthan1500mgisassociatedwithinadequatelylowintakeofcalorieproteinironzincandvitaminb1inpatientsonchronichemodialysis
AT cenerellistefano dietarydailysodiumintakelowerthan1500mgisassociatedwithinadequatelylowintakeofcalorieproteinironzincandvitaminb1inpatientsonchronichemodialysis
AT leoalessandra dietarydailysodiumintakelowerthan1500mgisassociatedwithinadequatelylowintakeofcalorieproteinironzincandvitaminb1inpatientsonchronichemodialysis
AT santarellistefano dietarydailysodiumintakelowerthan1500mgisassociatedwithinadequatelylowintakeofcalorieproteinironzincandvitaminb1inpatientsonchronichemodialysis
AT monteburinitania dietarydailysodiumintakelowerthan1500mgisassociatedwithinadequatelylowintakeofcalorieproteinironzincandvitaminb1inpatientsonchronichemodialysis