Lipophilized Epigallocatechin Gallate Derivative Exerts Anti-Proliferation Efficacy through Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis on DU145 Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the predominant tea polyphenol and it exhibits a hydrophilic character. The lipophilized EGCG derivative (LEGCG) was synthesized by enzymatic esterification of EGCG with lauric acid to enhance its bioactivity. The tetralauroyl EGCG was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and further identified as 3′, 5′, 3″, 5″-4-O-lauroyl EGCG by (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance. The anti-proliferation effect of LEGCG on DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells was evaluated by MTT assay. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism by which LEGCG exerts anti-proliferation efficacy was elucidated by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. Results suggested that LEGCG exhibited a dose-dependent anti-proliferation effect on DU145 cells by G0/G1 phase arrest and induction of apoptosis. LEGCG induced cell cycle arrest via p53/p21 activation, which down-regulated the cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression. In addition, LEGCG induced apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the cytochrome c release, and the caspases cleavage on DU145 cells. The results provide theoretical support to prevent prostate cancer with LEGCG.