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Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research

In agroecosystems, nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting plant growth. To meet the increased nitrogen demand in agriculture, synthetic fertilizers have been used extensively in the latter part of the twentieth century, which have led to environmental challenges such as nitrate pollution. B...

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Autores principales: Mahmud, Kishan, Makaju, Shiva, Ibrahim, Razi, Missaoui, Ali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31940996
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010097
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author Mahmud, Kishan
Makaju, Shiva
Ibrahim, Razi
Missaoui, Ali
author_facet Mahmud, Kishan
Makaju, Shiva
Ibrahim, Razi
Missaoui, Ali
author_sort Mahmud, Kishan
collection PubMed
description In agroecosystems, nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting plant growth. To meet the increased nitrogen demand in agriculture, synthetic fertilizers have been used extensively in the latter part of the twentieth century, which have led to environmental challenges such as nitrate pollution. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in plants is an essential mechanism for sustainable agricultural production and healthy ecosystem functioning. BNF by legumes and associative, endosymbiotic, and endophytic nitrogen fixation in non-legumes play major roles in reducing the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, increased plant nutrient content, and soil health reclamation. This review discusses the process of nitrogen-fixation in plants, nodule formation, the genes involved in plant-rhizobia interaction, and nitrogen-fixing legume and non-legume plants. This review also elaborates on current research efforts involved in transferring nitrogen-fixing mechanisms from legumes to non-legumes, especially to economically important crops such as rice, maize, and wheat at the molecular level and relevant other techniques involving the manipulation of soil microbiome for plant benefits in the non-legume root environment.
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spelling pubmed-70204012020-03-09 Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research Mahmud, Kishan Makaju, Shiva Ibrahim, Razi Missaoui, Ali Plants (Basel) Review In agroecosystems, nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting plant growth. To meet the increased nitrogen demand in agriculture, synthetic fertilizers have been used extensively in the latter part of the twentieth century, which have led to environmental challenges such as nitrate pollution. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in plants is an essential mechanism for sustainable agricultural production and healthy ecosystem functioning. BNF by legumes and associative, endosymbiotic, and endophytic nitrogen fixation in non-legumes play major roles in reducing the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, increased plant nutrient content, and soil health reclamation. This review discusses the process of nitrogen-fixation in plants, nodule formation, the genes involved in plant-rhizobia interaction, and nitrogen-fixing legume and non-legume plants. This review also elaborates on current research efforts involved in transferring nitrogen-fixing mechanisms from legumes to non-legumes, especially to economically important crops such as rice, maize, and wheat at the molecular level and relevant other techniques involving the manipulation of soil microbiome for plant benefits in the non-legume root environment. MDPI 2020-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7020401/ /pubmed/31940996 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010097 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mahmud, Kishan
Makaju, Shiva
Ibrahim, Razi
Missaoui, Ali
Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research
title Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research
title_full Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research
title_fullStr Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research
title_full_unstemmed Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research
title_short Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research
title_sort current progress in nitrogen fixing plants and microbiome research
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31940996
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010097
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