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Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps

To identify and compare venom components and expression patterns, venom gland-specific transcriptome analyses were conducted for 14 Aculeate bees and wasps. TPM (transcripts per kilobase million) values were normalized using the average transcription level of a reference housekeeping gene (dimethyla...

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Autores principales: Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew, Kim, Kyungmun, Kim, Woo-Jin, Bang, Woo Young, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Bae, Chang-Hwan, Yeo, Joo-Hong, Lee, Si Hyeock
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31947554
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010047
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author Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew
Kim, Kyungmun
Kim, Woo-Jin
Bang, Woo Young
Ahn, Neung-Ho
Bae, Chang-Hwan
Yeo, Joo-Hong
Lee, Si Hyeock
author_facet Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew
Kim, Kyungmun
Kim, Woo-Jin
Bang, Woo Young
Ahn, Neung-Ho
Bae, Chang-Hwan
Yeo, Joo-Hong
Lee, Si Hyeock
author_sort Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew
collection PubMed
description To identify and compare venom components and expression patterns, venom gland-specific transcriptome analyses were conducted for 14 Aculeate bees and wasps. TPM (transcripts per kilobase million) values were normalized using the average transcription level of a reference housekeeping gene (dimethyladenosine transferase). Orthologous venom component genes across the 14 bee and wasp species were identified, and their relative abundance in each species was determined by comparing normalized TPM values. Based on signal sequences in the transcripts, the genes of novel venom components were identified and characterized to encode potential allergens. Most of the allergens and pain-producing factors (arginine kinase, hyaluronidase, mastoparan, phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and venom allergen 5) showed extremely high expression levels in social wasps. Acid phosphatase, neprilysin, and tachykinin, which are known allergens and neurotoxic peptides, were found in the venom glands of solitary wasps more often than in social wasps. In the venom glands of bumblebees, few or no transcripts of major allergens or pain-producing factors were identified. Taken together, these results indicate that differential expression patterns of the venom genes in some Aculeate species imply that some wasps and bumblebee species have unique groups of highly expressed venom components. Some venom components reflected the Aculeate species phylogeny, but others did not. This unique evolution of specific venom components in different groups of some wasps and bumblebee species might have been shaped in response to both ecological and behavioral influences.
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spelling pubmed-70204092020-03-09 Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew Kim, Kyungmun Kim, Woo-Jin Bang, Woo Young Ahn, Neung-Ho Bae, Chang-Hwan Yeo, Joo-Hong Lee, Si Hyeock Toxins (Basel) Article To identify and compare venom components and expression patterns, venom gland-specific transcriptome analyses were conducted for 14 Aculeate bees and wasps. TPM (transcripts per kilobase million) values were normalized using the average transcription level of a reference housekeeping gene (dimethyladenosine transferase). Orthologous venom component genes across the 14 bee and wasp species were identified, and their relative abundance in each species was determined by comparing normalized TPM values. Based on signal sequences in the transcripts, the genes of novel venom components were identified and characterized to encode potential allergens. Most of the allergens and pain-producing factors (arginine kinase, hyaluronidase, mastoparan, phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and venom allergen 5) showed extremely high expression levels in social wasps. Acid phosphatase, neprilysin, and tachykinin, which are known allergens and neurotoxic peptides, were found in the venom glands of solitary wasps more often than in social wasps. In the venom glands of bumblebees, few or no transcripts of major allergens or pain-producing factors were identified. Taken together, these results indicate that differential expression patterns of the venom genes in some Aculeate species imply that some wasps and bumblebee species have unique groups of highly expressed venom components. Some venom components reflected the Aculeate species phylogeny, but others did not. This unique evolution of specific venom components in different groups of some wasps and bumblebee species might have been shaped in response to both ecological and behavioral influences. MDPI 2020-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7020409/ /pubmed/31947554 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010047 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew
Kim, Kyungmun
Kim, Woo-Jin
Bang, Woo Young
Ahn, Neung-Ho
Bae, Chang-Hwan
Yeo, Joo-Hong
Lee, Si Hyeock
Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps
title Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps
title_full Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps
title_fullStr Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps
title_short Characterization of Venom Components and Their Phylogenetic Properties in Some Aculeate Bumblebees and Wasps
title_sort characterization of venom components and their phylogenetic properties in some aculeate bumblebees and wasps
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31947554
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010047
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