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Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.)

Flowers with more petals are of more ornamental value. It is well known that AGAMOUS (AG) is the core member of the C-class gene which plays an essential role in double flower formation and identification of stamens and carpels in Arabidopsis thaliana. We searched C-class genes in the genome of the...

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Autores principales: Wang, Qijian, Dan, Naizhen, Zhang, Xiaoni, Lin, Shengnan, Bao, Manzhu, Fu, Xiaopeng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020439/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936710
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010087
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author Wang, Qijian
Dan, Naizhen
Zhang, Xiaoni
Lin, Shengnan
Bao, Manzhu
Fu, Xiaopeng
author_facet Wang, Qijian
Dan, Naizhen
Zhang, Xiaoni
Lin, Shengnan
Bao, Manzhu
Fu, Xiaopeng
author_sort Wang, Qijian
collection PubMed
description Flowers with more petals are of more ornamental value. It is well known that AGAMOUS (AG) is the core member of the C-class gene which plays an essential role in double flower formation and identification of stamens and carpels in Arabidopsis thaliana. We searched C-class genes in the genome of the carnation, and found two AG orthologs (DcaAGa, DcaAGb). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two genes were closely related to the euAG subclade. Then we searched the genomes of other Caryophyllales plants (Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Chenopodium quinoa) for C-class genes, and found that their C-class genes all belonged to the euAG subclade. Semi-quantitative PCR (sq-PCR) analysis indicated that the expression of DcaAG genes in the single flower phenotype was higher than that in the double flower phenotype. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expressions of DcaAG genes in the flower bud were significantly different from those in the root, stem, and leaf between the single and double flower phenotype carnations, and that DcaAG genes were specifically expressed in the stamen and carpel of carnation. Moreover, the expression of other floral organ identity genes (AP1 and AP2, PI and AP3, SEP1 and SEP3 corresponding to the A-, B-, and E-class of genes, respectively) showed no significant difference in all floral organs between the single and double flower phenotype carnations, suggesting that C-class (DcaAG) genes might play an important role in the double flower phenotype in carnation. Petal loss or decrease, precocious flowering, silique shortening, and seed sterility were observed in 35S::DcaAGa and 35S::DcaAGb transgenic Arabidopsis plants. All these results show that DcaAG genes might affect the petal number negatively and have a specific function in stamen and carpel development in carnation.
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spelling pubmed-70204392020-03-09 Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.) Wang, Qijian Dan, Naizhen Zhang, Xiaoni Lin, Shengnan Bao, Manzhu Fu, Xiaopeng Plants (Basel) Article Flowers with more petals are of more ornamental value. It is well known that AGAMOUS (AG) is the core member of the C-class gene which plays an essential role in double flower formation and identification of stamens and carpels in Arabidopsis thaliana. We searched C-class genes in the genome of the carnation, and found two AG orthologs (DcaAGa, DcaAGb). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two genes were closely related to the euAG subclade. Then we searched the genomes of other Caryophyllales plants (Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Chenopodium quinoa) for C-class genes, and found that their C-class genes all belonged to the euAG subclade. Semi-quantitative PCR (sq-PCR) analysis indicated that the expression of DcaAG genes in the single flower phenotype was higher than that in the double flower phenotype. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expressions of DcaAG genes in the flower bud were significantly different from those in the root, stem, and leaf between the single and double flower phenotype carnations, and that DcaAG genes were specifically expressed in the stamen and carpel of carnation. Moreover, the expression of other floral organ identity genes (AP1 and AP2, PI and AP3, SEP1 and SEP3 corresponding to the A-, B-, and E-class of genes, respectively) showed no significant difference in all floral organs between the single and double flower phenotype carnations, suggesting that C-class (DcaAG) genes might play an important role in the double flower phenotype in carnation. Petal loss or decrease, precocious flowering, silique shortening, and seed sterility were observed in 35S::DcaAGa and 35S::DcaAGb transgenic Arabidopsis plants. All these results show that DcaAG genes might affect the petal number negatively and have a specific function in stamen and carpel development in carnation. MDPI 2020-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7020439/ /pubmed/31936710 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010087 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Qijian
Dan, Naizhen
Zhang, Xiaoni
Lin, Shengnan
Bao, Manzhu
Fu, Xiaopeng
Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.)
title Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.)
title_full Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.)
title_fullStr Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.)
title_full_unstemmed Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.)
title_short Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.)
title_sort identification, characterization and functional analysis of c-class genes associated with double flower trait in carnation (dianthus caryphyllus l.)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020439/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936710
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010087
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