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Orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues

Attentional bias to drug-associated cues correlates with extent of current use, and risk of relapse among those attempting abstinence. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional imaging measures in clinical studies have previously investigated the neural basis of attentional bias, but the lack of ani...

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Autores principales: Baeg, Eunha, Jedema, Hank P., Bradberry, Charles W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7021823/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31461747
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0499-0
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author Baeg, Eunha
Jedema, Hank P.
Bradberry, Charles W.
author_facet Baeg, Eunha
Jedema, Hank P.
Bradberry, Charles W.
author_sort Baeg, Eunha
collection PubMed
description Attentional bias to drug-associated cues correlates with extent of current use, and risk of relapse among those attempting abstinence. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional imaging measures in clinical studies have previously investigated the neural basis of attentional bias, but the lack of animal models precluded investigation at the single-unit level. To complement results obtained from clinical studies, we have employed a non-human primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues while simultaneously recording single-unit activity in cortical and striatal regions implicated in reward processing. Rhesus macaques conditioned to associate particular colors with cocaine or water reward performed an attentional bias task, in which those colors served as irrelevant distractors. Concurrently, multiple electrode arrays for recording single-unit activity were acutely implanted into the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal anterior striatum, and ventral striatum. As in clinical studies, attentional bias was indicated by elongated response times on trials with cocaine-associated distractors compared with trials with water-associated, or control unconditioned distractors. In both animals studied, across an unbiased sample of neurons, the orbitofrontal cortex differentiated distractor condition by the proportion of single-units activated, as well as by population response. In one of the two, the anterior cingulate cortex did as well, but neither striatal region did in either animal. These direct measures of single-unit activity in a primate model complement clinical imaging observations suggesting that cortical mechanisms, especially in orbitofrontal cortex, are likely involved in attentional bias to cocaine-associated environmental cues.
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spelling pubmed-70218232020-02-21 Orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues Baeg, Eunha Jedema, Hank P. Bradberry, Charles W. Neuropsychopharmacology Article Attentional bias to drug-associated cues correlates with extent of current use, and risk of relapse among those attempting abstinence. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional imaging measures in clinical studies have previously investigated the neural basis of attentional bias, but the lack of animal models precluded investigation at the single-unit level. To complement results obtained from clinical studies, we have employed a non-human primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues while simultaneously recording single-unit activity in cortical and striatal regions implicated in reward processing. Rhesus macaques conditioned to associate particular colors with cocaine or water reward performed an attentional bias task, in which those colors served as irrelevant distractors. Concurrently, multiple electrode arrays for recording single-unit activity were acutely implanted into the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal anterior striatum, and ventral striatum. As in clinical studies, attentional bias was indicated by elongated response times on trials with cocaine-associated distractors compared with trials with water-associated, or control unconditioned distractors. In both animals studied, across an unbiased sample of neurons, the orbitofrontal cortex differentiated distractor condition by the proportion of single-units activated, as well as by population response. In one of the two, the anterior cingulate cortex did as well, but neither striatal region did in either animal. These direct measures of single-unit activity in a primate model complement clinical imaging observations suggesting that cortical mechanisms, especially in orbitofrontal cortex, are likely involved in attentional bias to cocaine-associated environmental cues. Springer International Publishing 2019-08-28 2020-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7021823/ /pubmed/31461747 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0499-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon this article or a part thereof, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Baeg, Eunha
Jedema, Hank P.
Bradberry, Charles W.
Orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues
title Orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues
title_full Orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues
title_fullStr Orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues
title_full_unstemmed Orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues
title_short Orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues
title_sort orbitofrontal cortex is selectively activated in a primate model of attentional bias to cocaine cues
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7021823/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31461747
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0499-0
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