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Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy
Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. In Italy, anthrax is an endemic disease with sporadic cases each year and few outbreaks, especially in Southern Italy. However, new foci have been discovered in zones without previous...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010087 |
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author | Chiaverini, Alexandra Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y. Linde, Jörg Galante, Domenico Rondinone, Valeria Fasanella, Antonio Cammà, Cesare D’Alterio, Nicola Garofolo, Giuliano Tomaso, Herbert |
author_facet | Chiaverini, Alexandra Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y. Linde, Jörg Galante, Domenico Rondinone, Valeria Fasanella, Antonio Cammà, Cesare D’Alterio, Nicola Garofolo, Giuliano Tomaso, Herbert |
author_sort | Chiaverini, Alexandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. In Italy, anthrax is an endemic disease with sporadic cases each year and few outbreaks, especially in Southern Italy. However, new foci have been discovered in zones without previous history of anthrax. During summer 2016, an outbreak of anthrax caused the death of four goats in the Abruzzo region, where the disease had not been reported before. In order to investigate the outbreak, we sequenced one strain and compared it to 19 Italian B. anthracis genomes. Furthermore, we downloaded 71 whole genome sequences representing the global distribution of canonical SNP lineages and used them to verify the phylogenetic positioning. To this end, we analyzed and compared the genome sequences using canonical SNPs and the whole genome SNP-based analysis. Our results demonstrate that the outbreak strain belonged to the Trans-Eurasian (TEA) group A.Br.011/009, which is the predominant clade in Central-Southern Italy. In conclusion, the high genomic relatedness of the Italian TEA strains suggests their evolution from a common ancestor, while the spread is supposedly driven by trade as well as human and transhumance activities. Here, we demonstrated the capabilities of whole genome sequencing (WGS), which can be used as a tool for outbreak analyses and surveillance activities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7022239 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70222392020-03-09 Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy Chiaverini, Alexandra Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y. Linde, Jörg Galante, Domenico Rondinone, Valeria Fasanella, Antonio Cammà, Cesare D’Alterio, Nicola Garofolo, Giuliano Tomaso, Herbert Microorganisms Article Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. In Italy, anthrax is an endemic disease with sporadic cases each year and few outbreaks, especially in Southern Italy. However, new foci have been discovered in zones without previous history of anthrax. During summer 2016, an outbreak of anthrax caused the death of four goats in the Abruzzo region, where the disease had not been reported before. In order to investigate the outbreak, we sequenced one strain and compared it to 19 Italian B. anthracis genomes. Furthermore, we downloaded 71 whole genome sequences representing the global distribution of canonical SNP lineages and used them to verify the phylogenetic positioning. To this end, we analyzed and compared the genome sequences using canonical SNPs and the whole genome SNP-based analysis. Our results demonstrate that the outbreak strain belonged to the Trans-Eurasian (TEA) group A.Br.011/009, which is the predominant clade in Central-Southern Italy. In conclusion, the high genomic relatedness of the Italian TEA strains suggests their evolution from a common ancestor, while the spread is supposedly driven by trade as well as human and transhumance activities. Here, we demonstrated the capabilities of whole genome sequencing (WGS), which can be used as a tool for outbreak analyses and surveillance activities. MDPI 2020-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7022239/ /pubmed/31936409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010087 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chiaverini, Alexandra Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y. Linde, Jörg Galante, Domenico Rondinone, Valeria Fasanella, Antonio Cammà, Cesare D’Alterio, Nicola Garofolo, Giuliano Tomaso, Herbert Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy |
title | Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy |
title_full | Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy |
title_fullStr | Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy |
title_full_unstemmed | Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy |
title_short | Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy |
title_sort | whole genome sequencing for studying bacillus anthracis from an outbreak in the abruzzo region of italy |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010087 |
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