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Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy

Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. In Italy, anthrax is an endemic disease with sporadic cases each year and few outbreaks, especially in Southern Italy. However, new foci have been discovered in zones without previous...

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Autores principales: Chiaverini, Alexandra, Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y., Linde, Jörg, Galante, Domenico, Rondinone, Valeria, Fasanella, Antonio, Cammà, Cesare, D’Alterio, Nicola, Garofolo, Giuliano, Tomaso, Herbert
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936409
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010087
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author Chiaverini, Alexandra
Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y.
Linde, Jörg
Galante, Domenico
Rondinone, Valeria
Fasanella, Antonio
Cammà, Cesare
D’Alterio, Nicola
Garofolo, Giuliano
Tomaso, Herbert
author_facet Chiaverini, Alexandra
Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y.
Linde, Jörg
Galante, Domenico
Rondinone, Valeria
Fasanella, Antonio
Cammà, Cesare
D’Alterio, Nicola
Garofolo, Giuliano
Tomaso, Herbert
author_sort Chiaverini, Alexandra
collection PubMed
description Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. In Italy, anthrax is an endemic disease with sporadic cases each year and few outbreaks, especially in Southern Italy. However, new foci have been discovered in zones without previous history of anthrax. During summer 2016, an outbreak of anthrax caused the death of four goats in the Abruzzo region, where the disease had not been reported before. In order to investigate the outbreak, we sequenced one strain and compared it to 19 Italian B. anthracis genomes. Furthermore, we downloaded 71 whole genome sequences representing the global distribution of canonical SNP lineages and used them to verify the phylogenetic positioning. To this end, we analyzed and compared the genome sequences using canonical SNPs and the whole genome SNP-based analysis. Our results demonstrate that the outbreak strain belonged to the Trans-Eurasian (TEA) group A.Br.011/009, which is the predominant clade in Central-Southern Italy. In conclusion, the high genomic relatedness of the Italian TEA strains suggests their evolution from a common ancestor, while the spread is supposedly driven by trade as well as human and transhumance activities. Here, we demonstrated the capabilities of whole genome sequencing (WGS), which can be used as a tool for outbreak analyses and surveillance activities.
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spelling pubmed-70222392020-03-09 Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy Chiaverini, Alexandra Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y. Linde, Jörg Galante, Domenico Rondinone, Valeria Fasanella, Antonio Cammà, Cesare D’Alterio, Nicola Garofolo, Giuliano Tomaso, Herbert Microorganisms Article Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. In Italy, anthrax is an endemic disease with sporadic cases each year and few outbreaks, especially in Southern Italy. However, new foci have been discovered in zones without previous history of anthrax. During summer 2016, an outbreak of anthrax caused the death of four goats in the Abruzzo region, where the disease had not been reported before. In order to investigate the outbreak, we sequenced one strain and compared it to 19 Italian B. anthracis genomes. Furthermore, we downloaded 71 whole genome sequences representing the global distribution of canonical SNP lineages and used them to verify the phylogenetic positioning. To this end, we analyzed and compared the genome sequences using canonical SNPs and the whole genome SNP-based analysis. Our results demonstrate that the outbreak strain belonged to the Trans-Eurasian (TEA) group A.Br.011/009, which is the predominant clade in Central-Southern Italy. In conclusion, the high genomic relatedness of the Italian TEA strains suggests their evolution from a common ancestor, while the spread is supposedly driven by trade as well as human and transhumance activities. Here, we demonstrated the capabilities of whole genome sequencing (WGS), which can be used as a tool for outbreak analyses and surveillance activities. MDPI 2020-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7022239/ /pubmed/31936409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010087 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chiaverini, Alexandra
Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y.
Linde, Jörg
Galante, Domenico
Rondinone, Valeria
Fasanella, Antonio
Cammà, Cesare
D’Alterio, Nicola
Garofolo, Giuliano
Tomaso, Herbert
Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy
title Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy
title_full Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy
title_fullStr Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy
title_full_unstemmed Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy
title_short Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Bacillus anthracis from an Outbreak in the Abruzzo Region of Italy
title_sort whole genome sequencing for studying bacillus anthracis from an outbreak in the abruzzo region of italy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936409
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010087
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