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Probing the Role of the Chloroplasts in Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Euglena gracilis

The E. gracilis Zm-strain lacking chloroplasts, characterized in this study, was compared with the earlier assessed wild type Z-strain to explore the role of chloroplasts in heavy metal accumulation and tolerance. Comparison of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated that both st...

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Autores principales: Khatiwada, Bishal, Hasan, Mafruha T., Sun, Angela, Kamath, Karthik Shantharam, Mirzaei, Mehdi, Sunna, Anwar, Nevalainen, Helena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023027/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31947612
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010115
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author Khatiwada, Bishal
Hasan, Mafruha T.
Sun, Angela
Kamath, Karthik Shantharam
Mirzaei, Mehdi
Sunna, Anwar
Nevalainen, Helena
author_facet Khatiwada, Bishal
Hasan, Mafruha T.
Sun, Angela
Kamath, Karthik Shantharam
Mirzaei, Mehdi
Sunna, Anwar
Nevalainen, Helena
author_sort Khatiwada, Bishal
collection PubMed
description The E. gracilis Zm-strain lacking chloroplasts, characterized in this study, was compared with the earlier assessed wild type Z-strain to explore the role of chloroplasts in heavy metal accumulation and tolerance. Comparison of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated that both strains tolerated similar concentrations of mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), but cadmium (Cd) tolerance of the Z-strain was twice that of the Zm-strain. The ability of the Zm-strain to accumulate Hg was higher compared to the Z-strain, indicating the existence of a Hg transportation and accumulation mechanism not depending on the presence of chloroplasts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed maximum accumulation of Hg in the cytosol of the Zm-strain and highest accumulation of Cd in the chloroplasts of the Z-strain indicating a difference in the ability of the two strains to deposit heavy metals in the cell. The highly abundant heavy metal transporter MTP2 in the Z-strain may have a role in Cd transportation to the chloroplasts. A multidrug resistance-associated protein highly increased in abundance in the Zm-strain could be a potential Hg transporter to either cytosol or mitochondria. Overall, the chloroplasts appear to have major role in the tolerance and accumulation of Cd in E. gracilis.
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spelling pubmed-70230272020-03-12 Probing the Role of the Chloroplasts in Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Euglena gracilis Khatiwada, Bishal Hasan, Mafruha T. Sun, Angela Kamath, Karthik Shantharam Mirzaei, Mehdi Sunna, Anwar Nevalainen, Helena Microorganisms Article The E. gracilis Zm-strain lacking chloroplasts, characterized in this study, was compared with the earlier assessed wild type Z-strain to explore the role of chloroplasts in heavy metal accumulation and tolerance. Comparison of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated that both strains tolerated similar concentrations of mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), but cadmium (Cd) tolerance of the Z-strain was twice that of the Zm-strain. The ability of the Zm-strain to accumulate Hg was higher compared to the Z-strain, indicating the existence of a Hg transportation and accumulation mechanism not depending on the presence of chloroplasts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed maximum accumulation of Hg in the cytosol of the Zm-strain and highest accumulation of Cd in the chloroplasts of the Z-strain indicating a difference in the ability of the two strains to deposit heavy metals in the cell. The highly abundant heavy metal transporter MTP2 in the Z-strain may have a role in Cd transportation to the chloroplasts. A multidrug resistance-associated protein highly increased in abundance in the Zm-strain could be a potential Hg transporter to either cytosol or mitochondria. Overall, the chloroplasts appear to have major role in the tolerance and accumulation of Cd in E. gracilis. MDPI 2020-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7023027/ /pubmed/31947612 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010115 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Khatiwada, Bishal
Hasan, Mafruha T.
Sun, Angela
Kamath, Karthik Shantharam
Mirzaei, Mehdi
Sunna, Anwar
Nevalainen, Helena
Probing the Role of the Chloroplasts in Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Euglena gracilis
title Probing the Role of the Chloroplasts in Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Euglena gracilis
title_full Probing the Role of the Chloroplasts in Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Euglena gracilis
title_fullStr Probing the Role of the Chloroplasts in Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Euglena gracilis
title_full_unstemmed Probing the Role of the Chloroplasts in Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Euglena gracilis
title_short Probing the Role of the Chloroplasts in Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Euglena gracilis
title_sort probing the role of the chloroplasts in heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in euglena gracilis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023027/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31947612
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010115
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