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Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study
BACKGROUND: Younger age at onset is generally thought to be a predictor of poor outcome in Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS), but there is a paucity of epidemiological data supporting this belief. This study aims to describe long-term outcomes and predictors of patient functioning in EOS, with a focus...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023710/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32059664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2484-x |
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author | Xu, Lingzi Guo, Yanqing Cao, Qingjiu Li, Xue Mei, Ting Ma, Zenghui Tang, Xinzhou Ji, Zhaozheng Yang, Liu Liu, Jing |
author_facet | Xu, Lingzi Guo, Yanqing Cao, Qingjiu Li, Xue Mei, Ting Ma, Zenghui Tang, Xinzhou Ji, Zhaozheng Yang, Liu Liu, Jing |
author_sort | Xu, Lingzi |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Younger age at onset is generally thought to be a predictor of poor outcome in Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS), but there is a paucity of epidemiological data supporting this belief. This study aims to describe long-term outcomes and predictors of patient functioning in EOS, with a focus on the effect of age at onset. METHODS: We consecutively enrolled 118 EOS patients who were hospitalized in 2006. Mean age at baseline was 13.3 ± 2.3 years. Sixty-five subjects were successfully interviewed. Mean length of follow up was 10.4 ± 0.3 years. Baseline data were collected from inpatient medical records, while follow up was conducted primarily through telephone interviews of patient relatives. WHODAS 2.0 was used to measure global functioning at follow up. Outcomes included education, employment, marriage status, physical health, subsequent diagnoses and treatment, and patient functioning. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to assess predictors of outcome, while propensity scores were used to adjust for confounding in analyzing the effect of age at onset on functional outcome. RESULTS: Of the 65 subjects where follow-up data were available, 3 were deceased at follow up. Five (8%) discontinued treatment. Diagnostic stability was 76%. Nearly a quarter (24%) were using clozapine at follow up. In male and female patients, 61 and 55% respectively were overweight, while 29 and 32% respectively were obese. Sixteen (26%) were economically self-sufficient, while 34 (55%) were unemployed. Thirteen (21%) patients had ever been married. The median WHODAS score was 15 (IQR 2 to 35), roughly corresponding to the 78th percentile on population norms. Extroverted personality (p = 0.01), suspicious personality (p = 0.02), and high level of education (p = 0.001) predicted better functioning. Age of onset was not associated with function in either the univariate model (p = 0.24), full model (p = 0.17) or the final risk factor model (p = 0.11), nor after using propensity scores to further adjust for confounders. CONCLUSION: The long-term functional outcome of EOS is more optimistic than generally believed. Age at disease onset does not predict long-term functional outcome in EOS populations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7023710 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70237102020-02-20 Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study Xu, Lingzi Guo, Yanqing Cao, Qingjiu Li, Xue Mei, Ting Ma, Zenghui Tang, Xinzhou Ji, Zhaozheng Yang, Liu Liu, Jing BMC Psychiatry Research Article BACKGROUND: Younger age at onset is generally thought to be a predictor of poor outcome in Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS), but there is a paucity of epidemiological data supporting this belief. This study aims to describe long-term outcomes and predictors of patient functioning in EOS, with a focus on the effect of age at onset. METHODS: We consecutively enrolled 118 EOS patients who were hospitalized in 2006. Mean age at baseline was 13.3 ± 2.3 years. Sixty-five subjects were successfully interviewed. Mean length of follow up was 10.4 ± 0.3 years. Baseline data were collected from inpatient medical records, while follow up was conducted primarily through telephone interviews of patient relatives. WHODAS 2.0 was used to measure global functioning at follow up. Outcomes included education, employment, marriage status, physical health, subsequent diagnoses and treatment, and patient functioning. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to assess predictors of outcome, while propensity scores were used to adjust for confounding in analyzing the effect of age at onset on functional outcome. RESULTS: Of the 65 subjects where follow-up data were available, 3 were deceased at follow up. Five (8%) discontinued treatment. Diagnostic stability was 76%. Nearly a quarter (24%) were using clozapine at follow up. In male and female patients, 61 and 55% respectively were overweight, while 29 and 32% respectively were obese. Sixteen (26%) were economically self-sufficient, while 34 (55%) were unemployed. Thirteen (21%) patients had ever been married. The median WHODAS score was 15 (IQR 2 to 35), roughly corresponding to the 78th percentile on population norms. Extroverted personality (p = 0.01), suspicious personality (p = 0.02), and high level of education (p = 0.001) predicted better functioning. Age of onset was not associated with function in either the univariate model (p = 0.24), full model (p = 0.17) or the final risk factor model (p = 0.11), nor after using propensity scores to further adjust for confounders. CONCLUSION: The long-term functional outcome of EOS is more optimistic than generally believed. Age at disease onset does not predict long-term functional outcome in EOS populations. BioMed Central 2020-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7023710/ /pubmed/32059664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2484-x Text en © The Author(s). 2020 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Xu, Lingzi Guo, Yanqing Cao, Qingjiu Li, Xue Mei, Ting Ma, Zenghui Tang, Xinzhou Ji, Zhaozheng Yang, Liu Liu, Jing Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study |
title | Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study |
title_full | Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study |
title_fullStr | Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study |
title_full_unstemmed | Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study |
title_short | Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study |
title_sort | predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023710/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32059664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2484-x |
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