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Distribution Patterns for Bioactive Constituents in Pericarp, Stalk and Seed of Forsythiae Fructus

Forsythiae Fructus (FF) is a widely used folk medicine in China, Japan, and Korea. The distribution of bioactive constituents throughout the fruit segments has rarely been addressed, although mounting evidence suggests that plant secondary metabolites are synthesized and distributed regularly. The p...

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Autores principales: Wei, Lifang, Mei, Yuqi, Zou, Lisi, Chen, Jiali, Tan, Mengxia, Wang, Chengcheng, Cai, Zhichen, Lin, Liqun, Chai, Chuan, Yin, Shengxin, Liu, Xunhong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7024327/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31947701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020340
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author Wei, Lifang
Mei, Yuqi
Zou, Lisi
Chen, Jiali
Tan, Mengxia
Wang, Chengcheng
Cai, Zhichen
Lin, Liqun
Chai, Chuan
Yin, Shengxin
Liu, Xunhong
author_facet Wei, Lifang
Mei, Yuqi
Zou, Lisi
Chen, Jiali
Tan, Mengxia
Wang, Chengcheng
Cai, Zhichen
Lin, Liqun
Chai, Chuan
Yin, Shengxin
Liu, Xunhong
author_sort Wei, Lifang
collection PubMed
description Forsythiae Fructus (FF) is a widely used folk medicine in China, Japan, and Korea. The distribution of bioactive constituents throughout the fruit segments has rarely been addressed, although mounting evidence suggests that plant secondary metabolites are synthesized and distributed regularly. The phytochemical profiles of three segments of FF (pericarp, stalk and seed) were firstly revealed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based quantitative analysis of twenty-one bioactive constituents, including three phenylethanoid glycosides, five lignans, eight flavonoids, and five phenolic acids to explore the spatial distribution of bioactive constituents. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) were conducted to visualize and verify the distribution regularity of twenty-one analytes among three segments. The results showed that phytochemical profiles of the three segments were similar, i.e., phenylethanoid glycosides covering the most part were the predominant compounds, followed by lignans, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Nevertheless, the abundance of twenty-one bioactive constituents among three segments was different. Specifically, phenylethanoid glycosides were highly expressed in the seed; lignans were primarily enriched in the stalk; flavonoids were largely concentrated in the pericarp, while the contents of phenolic acids showed no much difference among various segments. The research improves our understanding of distribution patterns for bioactive constituents in FF, and also complements some scientific data for further exploring the quality formation mechanism of FF.
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spelling pubmed-70243272020-03-11 Distribution Patterns for Bioactive Constituents in Pericarp, Stalk and Seed of Forsythiae Fructus Wei, Lifang Mei, Yuqi Zou, Lisi Chen, Jiali Tan, Mengxia Wang, Chengcheng Cai, Zhichen Lin, Liqun Chai, Chuan Yin, Shengxin Liu, Xunhong Molecules Article Forsythiae Fructus (FF) is a widely used folk medicine in China, Japan, and Korea. The distribution of bioactive constituents throughout the fruit segments has rarely been addressed, although mounting evidence suggests that plant secondary metabolites are synthesized and distributed regularly. The phytochemical profiles of three segments of FF (pericarp, stalk and seed) were firstly revealed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based quantitative analysis of twenty-one bioactive constituents, including three phenylethanoid glycosides, five lignans, eight flavonoids, and five phenolic acids to explore the spatial distribution of bioactive constituents. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) were conducted to visualize and verify the distribution regularity of twenty-one analytes among three segments. The results showed that phytochemical profiles of the three segments were similar, i.e., phenylethanoid glycosides covering the most part were the predominant compounds, followed by lignans, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Nevertheless, the abundance of twenty-one bioactive constituents among three segments was different. Specifically, phenylethanoid glycosides were highly expressed in the seed; lignans were primarily enriched in the stalk; flavonoids were largely concentrated in the pericarp, while the contents of phenolic acids showed no much difference among various segments. The research improves our understanding of distribution patterns for bioactive constituents in FF, and also complements some scientific data for further exploring the quality formation mechanism of FF. MDPI 2020-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7024327/ /pubmed/31947701 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020340 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wei, Lifang
Mei, Yuqi
Zou, Lisi
Chen, Jiali
Tan, Mengxia
Wang, Chengcheng
Cai, Zhichen
Lin, Liqun
Chai, Chuan
Yin, Shengxin
Liu, Xunhong
Distribution Patterns for Bioactive Constituents in Pericarp, Stalk and Seed of Forsythiae Fructus
title Distribution Patterns for Bioactive Constituents in Pericarp, Stalk and Seed of Forsythiae Fructus
title_full Distribution Patterns for Bioactive Constituents in Pericarp, Stalk and Seed of Forsythiae Fructus
title_fullStr Distribution Patterns for Bioactive Constituents in Pericarp, Stalk and Seed of Forsythiae Fructus
title_full_unstemmed Distribution Patterns for Bioactive Constituents in Pericarp, Stalk and Seed of Forsythiae Fructus
title_short Distribution Patterns for Bioactive Constituents in Pericarp, Stalk and Seed of Forsythiae Fructus
title_sort distribution patterns for bioactive constituents in pericarp, stalk and seed of forsythiae fructus
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7024327/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31947701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020340
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