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Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules
Growing microbial resistance to existing drugs and the search for new natural products of pharmaceutical importance have forced researchers to investigate unexplored environments, such as extreme ecosystems. The deep-sea (>1000 m below water surface) has a variety of extreme environments, such as...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7024341/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18010009 |
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author | Zain ul Arifeen, Muhammad Ma, Yu-Nan Xue, Ya-Rong Liu, Chang-Hong |
author_facet | Zain ul Arifeen, Muhammad Ma, Yu-Nan Xue, Ya-Rong Liu, Chang-Hong |
author_sort | Zain ul Arifeen, Muhammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Growing microbial resistance to existing drugs and the search for new natural products of pharmaceutical importance have forced researchers to investigate unexplored environments, such as extreme ecosystems. The deep-sea (>1000 m below water surface) has a variety of extreme environments, such as deep-sea sediments, hydrothermal vents, and deep-sea cold region, which are considered to be new arsenals of natural products. Organisms living in the extreme environments of the deep-sea encounter harsh conditions, such as high salinity, extreme pH, absence of sun light, low temperature and oxygen, high hydrostatic pressure, and low availability of growth nutrients. The production of secondary metabolites is one of the strategies these organisms use to survive in such harsh conditions. Fungi growing in such extreme environments produce unique secondary metabolites for defense and communication, some of which also have clinical significance. Despite being the producer of many important bioactive molecules, deep-sea fungi have not been explored thoroughly. Here, we made a brief review of the structure, biological activity, and distribution of secondary metabolites produced by deep-sea fungi in the last five years. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7024341 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70243412020-03-11 Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules Zain ul Arifeen, Muhammad Ma, Yu-Nan Xue, Ya-Rong Liu, Chang-Hong Mar Drugs Review Growing microbial resistance to existing drugs and the search for new natural products of pharmaceutical importance have forced researchers to investigate unexplored environments, such as extreme ecosystems. The deep-sea (>1000 m below water surface) has a variety of extreme environments, such as deep-sea sediments, hydrothermal vents, and deep-sea cold region, which are considered to be new arsenals of natural products. Organisms living in the extreme environments of the deep-sea encounter harsh conditions, such as high salinity, extreme pH, absence of sun light, low temperature and oxygen, high hydrostatic pressure, and low availability of growth nutrients. The production of secondary metabolites is one of the strategies these organisms use to survive in such harsh conditions. Fungi growing in such extreme environments produce unique secondary metabolites for defense and communication, some of which also have clinical significance. Despite being the producer of many important bioactive molecules, deep-sea fungi have not been explored thoroughly. Here, we made a brief review of the structure, biological activity, and distribution of secondary metabolites produced by deep-sea fungi in the last five years. MDPI 2019-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7024341/ /pubmed/31861953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18010009 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zain ul Arifeen, Muhammad Ma, Yu-Nan Xue, Ya-Rong Liu, Chang-Hong Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules |
title | Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules |
title_full | Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules |
title_fullStr | Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules |
title_full_unstemmed | Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules |
title_short | Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules |
title_sort | deep-sea fungi could be the new arsenal for bioactive molecules |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7024341/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18010009 |
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