TEPA impregnation of electrospun carbon nanofibers for enhanced low-level CO(2) adsorption

The CO(2) adsorption selectivity of plain activated carbon nanofibers (ANF) is generally low. For enhancement, nitrogen functionalities favorable for CO(2) adsorption are usually tethered to the ANF. In the current study, we adopted chemical impregnation using 0.5 wt% tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) solution as an impregnant. To enhance the impregnation of TEPA further, preliminary oxidation of the nanofibers with 70% HNO(3) was conducted. The effects of HNO(3) and TEPA treatments on the modified ANFs were investigated for physical (using N(2) monosorb, thermogravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscopy) and chemical (X-ray photoelectron spectrometer) changes. From the results, we found that although TEPA impregnation reduced the specific surface area and pore volume of the ANFs (from 673.7 and 15.61 to 278.8 m(2)/g and 0.284 cm(3)/g, respectively), whereas the HNO(3) pre-oxidation increased the number of carboxylic groups on the ANF. Upon TEPA loading, pyridinic nitrogen was tethered and further enhanced by pre-oxidation. The surface treatment cumulatively increased the amine content from 5.81% to 13.31%. Consequently, the final adsorption capacity for low (0.3%) and pure CO(2) levels were enhanced from 0.20 and 1.89 to 0.33 and 2.96 mmol/g, respectively. Hence, the two-step pre-oxidation and TEPA treatments were efficient for improved CO(2) affinity.