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Measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the Himalaya
Melting snow and glacier ice in the Himalaya forms an important source of water for people downstream. Incoming longwave radiation (LW(in)) is an important energy source for melt, but there are only few measurements of LW(in) at high elevation. For the modelling of snow and glacier melt, the LW(in)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7027743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32103854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6249 |
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author | de Kok, Remco J. Steiner, Jakob F. Litt, Maxime Wagnon, Patrick Koch, Inka Azam, Mohd F. Immerzeel, Walter W. |
author_facet | de Kok, Remco J. Steiner, Jakob F. Litt, Maxime Wagnon, Patrick Koch, Inka Azam, Mohd F. Immerzeel, Walter W. |
author_sort | de Kok, Remco J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Melting snow and glacier ice in the Himalaya forms an important source of water for people downstream. Incoming longwave radiation (LW(in)) is an important energy source for melt, but there are only few measurements of LW(in) at high elevation. For the modelling of snow and glacier melt, the LW(in) is therefore often represented by parameterizations that were originally developed for lower elevation environments. With LW(in) measurements at eight stations in three catchments in the Himalaya, with elevations between 3,980 and 6,352 m.a.s.l., we test existing LW(in) parameterizations. We find that these parameterizations generally underestimate the LW(in), especially in wet (monsoon) conditions, where clouds are abundant and locally formed. We present a new parameterization based only on near‐surface temperature and relative humidity, both of which are easy and inexpensive to measure accurately. The new parameterization performs better than the parameterizations available in literature, in some cases halving the root‐mean‐squared error. The new parameterization is especially improving existing parameterizations in cloudy conditions. We also show that the choice of longwave parameterization strongly affects melt calculations of snow and ice. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7027743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70277432020-02-24 Measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the Himalaya de Kok, Remco J. Steiner, Jakob F. Litt, Maxime Wagnon, Patrick Koch, Inka Azam, Mohd F. Immerzeel, Walter W. Int J Climatol Research Articles Melting snow and glacier ice in the Himalaya forms an important source of water for people downstream. Incoming longwave radiation (LW(in)) is an important energy source for melt, but there are only few measurements of LW(in) at high elevation. For the modelling of snow and glacier melt, the LW(in) is therefore often represented by parameterizations that were originally developed for lower elevation environments. With LW(in) measurements at eight stations in three catchments in the Himalaya, with elevations between 3,980 and 6,352 m.a.s.l., we test existing LW(in) parameterizations. We find that these parameterizations generally underestimate the LW(in), especially in wet (monsoon) conditions, where clouds are abundant and locally formed. We present a new parameterization based only on near‐surface temperature and relative humidity, both of which are easy and inexpensive to measure accurately. The new parameterization performs better than the parameterizations available in literature, in some cases halving the root‐mean‐squared error. The new parameterization is especially improving existing parameterizations in cloudy conditions. We also show that the choice of longwave parameterization strongly affects melt calculations of snow and ice. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2019-08-05 2020-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7027743/ /pubmed/32103854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6249 Text en © 2019 The Authors. International Journal of Climatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Royal Meteorological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles de Kok, Remco J. Steiner, Jakob F. Litt, Maxime Wagnon, Patrick Koch, Inka Azam, Mohd F. Immerzeel, Walter W. Measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the Himalaya |
title | Measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the Himalaya |
title_full | Measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the Himalaya |
title_fullStr | Measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the Himalaya |
title_full_unstemmed | Measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the Himalaya |
title_short | Measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the Himalaya |
title_sort | measurements, models and drivers of incoming longwave radiation in the himalaya |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7027743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32103854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6249 |
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