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The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy
Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this ‘metabolic cost barrier’. We analyzed the literature through Decem...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029455/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00663-9 |
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author | Sawicki, Gregory S. Beck, Owen N. Kang, Inseung Young, Aaron J. |
author_facet | Sawicki, Gregory S. Beck, Owen N. Kang, Inseung Young, Aaron J. |
author_sort | Sawicki, Gregory S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this ‘metabolic cost barrier’. We analyzed the literature through December 2019, and identified 23 studies that demonstrate exoskeleton designs that improved human walking and running economy beyond capable without a device. Here, we reviewed these studies and highlighted key innovations and techniques that enabled these devices to surpass the metabolic cost barrier and steadily improve user walking and running economy from 2013 to nearly 2020. These studies include, physiologically-informed targeting of lower-limb joints; use of off-board actuators to rapidly prototype exoskeleton controllers; mechatronic designs of both active and passive systems; and a renewed focus on human-exoskeleton interface design. Lastly, we highlight emerging trends that we anticipate will further augment wearable-device performance and pose the next grand challenges facing exoskeleton technology for augmenting human mobility. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7029455 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70294552020-02-25 The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy Sawicki, Gregory S. Beck, Owen N. Kang, Inseung Young, Aaron J. J Neuroeng Rehabil Review Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this ‘metabolic cost barrier’. We analyzed the literature through December 2019, and identified 23 studies that demonstrate exoskeleton designs that improved human walking and running economy beyond capable without a device. Here, we reviewed these studies and highlighted key innovations and techniques that enabled these devices to surpass the metabolic cost barrier and steadily improve user walking and running economy from 2013 to nearly 2020. These studies include, physiologically-informed targeting of lower-limb joints; use of off-board actuators to rapidly prototype exoskeleton controllers; mechatronic designs of both active and passive systems; and a renewed focus on human-exoskeleton interface design. Lastly, we highlight emerging trends that we anticipate will further augment wearable-device performance and pose the next grand challenges facing exoskeleton technology for augmenting human mobility. BioMed Central 2020-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7029455/ /pubmed/32075669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00663-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Review Sawicki, Gregory S. Beck, Owen N. Kang, Inseung Young, Aaron J. The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy |
title | The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy |
title_full | The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy |
title_fullStr | The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy |
title_full_unstemmed | The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy |
title_short | The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy |
title_sort | exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029455/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00663-9 |
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