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A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC

BACKGROUND: Spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus are widely used probiotics known to exert their beneficial effects also through the stimulation of the host immune response. The oral delivery of B. toyonensis spores has been shown to improve the immune response to a parenterally administered...

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Autores principales: Santos, Francisco Denis S., Mazzoli, Arianna, Maia, Ana Raquel, Saggese, Anella, Isticato, Rachele, Leite, Fabio, Iossa, Susanna, Ricca, Ezio, Baccigalupi, Loredana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029466/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075660
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01308-1
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author Santos, Francisco Denis S.
Mazzoli, Arianna
Maia, Ana Raquel
Saggese, Anella
Isticato, Rachele
Leite, Fabio
Iossa, Susanna
Ricca, Ezio
Baccigalupi, Loredana
author_facet Santos, Francisco Denis S.
Mazzoli, Arianna
Maia, Ana Raquel
Saggese, Anella
Isticato, Rachele
Leite, Fabio
Iossa, Susanna
Ricca, Ezio
Baccigalupi, Loredana
author_sort Santos, Francisco Denis S.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus are widely used probiotics known to exert their beneficial effects also through the stimulation of the host immune response. The oral delivery of B. toyonensis spores has been shown to improve the immune response to a parenterally administered viral antigen in mice, suggesting that probiotics may increase the efficiency of systemic vaccines. We used the C fragment of the tetanus toxin (TTFC) as a model antigen to evaluate whether a treatment with B. toyonensis spores affected the immune response to a mucosal antigen. RESULTS: Purified TTFC was given to mice by the nasal route either as a free protein or adsorbed to B. subtilis spores, a mucosal vaccine delivery system proved effective with several antigens, including TTFC. Spore adsorption was extremely efficient and TTFC was shown to be exposed on the spore surface. Spore-adsorbed TTFC was more efficient than the free antigen in inducing an immune response and the probiotic treatment improved the response, increasing the production of TTFC-specific secretory immunoglobin A (sIgA) and causing a faster production of serum IgG. The analysis of the induced cytokines indicated that also the cellular immune response was increased by the probiotic treatment. A 16S RNA-based analysis of the gut microbial composition did not show dramatic differences due to the probiotic treatment. However, the abundance of members of the Ruminiclostridium 6 genus was found to correlate with the increased immune response of animals immunized with the spore-adsorbed antigen and treated with the probiotic. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that B. toyonensis spores significantly contribute to the humoral and cellular responses elicited by a mucosal immunization with spore-adsorbed TTFC, pointing to the probiotic treatment as an alternative to the use of adjuvants for mucosal vaccinations.
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spelling pubmed-70294662020-02-25 A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC Santos, Francisco Denis S. Mazzoli, Arianna Maia, Ana Raquel Saggese, Anella Isticato, Rachele Leite, Fabio Iossa, Susanna Ricca, Ezio Baccigalupi, Loredana Microb Cell Fact Research BACKGROUND: Spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus are widely used probiotics known to exert their beneficial effects also through the stimulation of the host immune response. The oral delivery of B. toyonensis spores has been shown to improve the immune response to a parenterally administered viral antigen in mice, suggesting that probiotics may increase the efficiency of systemic vaccines. We used the C fragment of the tetanus toxin (TTFC) as a model antigen to evaluate whether a treatment with B. toyonensis spores affected the immune response to a mucosal antigen. RESULTS: Purified TTFC was given to mice by the nasal route either as a free protein or adsorbed to B. subtilis spores, a mucosal vaccine delivery system proved effective with several antigens, including TTFC. Spore adsorption was extremely efficient and TTFC was shown to be exposed on the spore surface. Spore-adsorbed TTFC was more efficient than the free antigen in inducing an immune response and the probiotic treatment improved the response, increasing the production of TTFC-specific secretory immunoglobin A (sIgA) and causing a faster production of serum IgG. The analysis of the induced cytokines indicated that also the cellular immune response was increased by the probiotic treatment. A 16S RNA-based analysis of the gut microbial composition did not show dramatic differences due to the probiotic treatment. However, the abundance of members of the Ruminiclostridium 6 genus was found to correlate with the increased immune response of animals immunized with the spore-adsorbed antigen and treated with the probiotic. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that B. toyonensis spores significantly contribute to the humoral and cellular responses elicited by a mucosal immunization with spore-adsorbed TTFC, pointing to the probiotic treatment as an alternative to the use of adjuvants for mucosal vaccinations. BioMed Central 2020-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7029466/ /pubmed/32075660 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01308-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Santos, Francisco Denis S.
Mazzoli, Arianna
Maia, Ana Raquel
Saggese, Anella
Isticato, Rachele
Leite, Fabio
Iossa, Susanna
Ricca, Ezio
Baccigalupi, Loredana
A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC
title A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC
title_full A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC
title_fullStr A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC
title_full_unstemmed A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC
title_short A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC
title_sort probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed ttfc
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029466/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075660
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01308-1
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