Physicochemical properties of Arenga pinnata Merr. endosperm and its antidiabetic activity for nutraceutical application

This study aims to provide information on physicochemical properties of Arenga pinnata endosperm (APE) and its antidiabetic activity for utilization in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The antidiabetic effect of APE was studied through an observational experiment on the blood glucose level of rats. The physicochemical properties of APE were determined using a texturometer, X-ray powder diffraction, Brookfield viscometer, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and light microscope. The APE was categorized based on its texture into three groups. The crystal structure of APE is microspore and amorf while the hydrogel has a non-Newtonian property and is stable at 50°C. The viscosity index was increased in the increasing temperature with the order of high viscosity of APE being 1, 2, and 3. The hydrogel shape of APE 1 and 3 was lameral in the concentration of 1.25%. For antidiabetic study, the findings demonstrated that the APE could reduce the blood glucose level. The APE powders 1 and 2 with the respective weight of 50 and 200 mg have significant effects on reducing rat blood glucose level compared to the diabetic rats. Based on these properties, APE could potentially be used as a natural antidiabetic food without having any side effect and in the pharmaceutical industry for some purposes.