Accuracy of ADC derived from DWI for differentiating high-grade from low-grade gliomas: Systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) could be applied to grade gliomas. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the accuracy of ADC analysis in differentiating high-grade (HGGs) from low-grade gliomas (LGGs). METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane library, Science Direct, and Embase were searched to identify suitable studies up to September 1, 2018. The quality of studies was evaluated by the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS 2). We estimated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR), diagnostic accuracy ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and determined the accuracy of the data by using the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) and calculating the area under the curve (AUC) to identity the accuracy of ADC analysis in grading gliomas. RESULTS: Eighteen studies including 1172 patients were included and analyzed. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC with 95% CIs of DWI with b values of 1000 s/mm(2) for separating HGGs from LGGs were 0.81 (95% CI 0.75–0.86), 0.87 (95% CI 0.81–0.91), 6.1 (95% CI 4.2–8.9), 0.22 (95% CI 0.17–0.29), 28 (95% CI 17–45), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88–0.93), respectively. DWI with b values of 3000 s/mm(2) showed slightly higher accuracy than that of 1000 (sensitivity 0.80, specificity 0.90 and AUC 0.92). Meta-regression analyses showed that field strengths and b values had significant impacts on diagnostic efficacy. Deeks testing confirmed no significant publication bias in all studies. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that ADC analysis of DWI have high accuracy in differentiating HGGs from LGGs. Standardized methodology is warranted to guide the use of this technique for clinical decision-making.