An Unusual Variational Anatomy of the Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery: A Case Report of a Post-catheterization Femoral Arteriovenous Fistula

The medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) typically presents as a major branch of the profunda femoris artery or it can also directly originate from the common femoral artery. Many anatomical variations of the MCFA have been described due to their clinical significance. We herein report a case of an unusual anatomical variation of the MCFA crossing anterior to the femoral vein that led to iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula formation after cardiac catheterization. The identification of such rare vascular anatomical variations is of great importance when attempting femoral arterial or venous puncture in order to minimize unnecessary complications.