Direct Recovery of the Rare Earth Elements Using a Silk Displaying a Metal-Recognizing Peptide

Rare earth elements (RE) are indispensable metallic resources in the production of advanced materials; hence, a cost- and energy-effective recovery process is required to meet the rapidly increasing RE demand. Here, we propose an artificial RE recovery approach that uses a functional silk displaying a RE-recognizing peptide. Using the piggyBac system, we constructed a transgenic silkworm in which one or two copies of the gene coding for the RE-recognizing peptide (Lamp1) was fused with that of the fibroin L (FibL) protein. The purified FibL-Lamp1 fusion protein from the transgenic silkworm was able to recognize dysprosium (Dy(3+)), a RE, under physiological conditions. This method can also be used with silk from which sericin has been removed. Furthermore, the Dy-recovery ability of this silk was significantly improved by crushing the silk. Our simple approach is expected to facilitate the direct recovery of RE from an actual mixed solution of metal ions, such as seawater and industrial wastewater, under mild conditions without additional energy input.