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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin—A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder arising from mutations to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Disruption to normal ion homeostasis in the airway results in impaired mucociliary clearance, leaving the lung more vulnerable to recurrent a...

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Autores principales: Hunt, Alison M.D., Glasgow, Arlene M.A., Humphreys, Hilary, Greene, Catherine M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037267/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012925
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030836
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author Hunt, Alison M.D.
Glasgow, Arlene M.A.
Humphreys, Hilary
Greene, Catherine M.
author_facet Hunt, Alison M.D.
Glasgow, Arlene M.A.
Humphreys, Hilary
Greene, Catherine M.
author_sort Hunt, Alison M.D.
collection PubMed
description Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder arising from mutations to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Disruption to normal ion homeostasis in the airway results in impaired mucociliary clearance, leaving the lung more vulnerable to recurrent and chronic bacterial infections. The CF lung endures an excess of neutrophilic inflammation, and whilst neutrophil serine proteases are a crucial part of the innate host defence to infection, a surplus of neutrophil elastase (NE) is understood to create a net destructive effect. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a key antiprotease in the control of NE protease activity but is ineffective in the CF lung due to the huge imbalance of NE levels. Therapeutic strategies to boost levels of protective antiproteases such as A1AT in the lung remain an attractive research strategy to limit the damage from excess protease activity. microRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that bind specific cognate sequences to inhibit expression of target mRNAs. The inhibition of miRNAs which target the SERPINA1 (A1AT-encoding gene) mRNA represents a novel therapeutic approach for CF inflammation. This could involve the delivery of antagomirs that bind and sequester the target miRNA, or target site blockers that bind miRNA recognition elements within the target mRNA to prevent miRNA interaction. Therefore, miRNA targeted therapies offer an alternative strategy to drive endogenous A1AT production and thus supplement the antiprotease shield of the CF lung.
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spelling pubmed-70372672020-03-11 Alpha-1 Antitrypsin—A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis Hunt, Alison M.D. Glasgow, Arlene M.A. Humphreys, Hilary Greene, Catherine M. Int J Mol Sci Review Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder arising from mutations to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Disruption to normal ion homeostasis in the airway results in impaired mucociliary clearance, leaving the lung more vulnerable to recurrent and chronic bacterial infections. The CF lung endures an excess of neutrophilic inflammation, and whilst neutrophil serine proteases are a crucial part of the innate host defence to infection, a surplus of neutrophil elastase (NE) is understood to create a net destructive effect. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a key antiprotease in the control of NE protease activity but is ineffective in the CF lung due to the huge imbalance of NE levels. Therapeutic strategies to boost levels of protective antiproteases such as A1AT in the lung remain an attractive research strategy to limit the damage from excess protease activity. microRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that bind specific cognate sequences to inhibit expression of target mRNAs. The inhibition of miRNAs which target the SERPINA1 (A1AT-encoding gene) mRNA represents a novel therapeutic approach for CF inflammation. This could involve the delivery of antagomirs that bind and sequester the target miRNA, or target site blockers that bind miRNA recognition elements within the target mRNA to prevent miRNA interaction. Therefore, miRNA targeted therapies offer an alternative strategy to drive endogenous A1AT production and thus supplement the antiprotease shield of the CF lung. MDPI 2020-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7037267/ /pubmed/32012925 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030836 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hunt, Alison M.D.
Glasgow, Arlene M.A.
Humphreys, Hilary
Greene, Catherine M.
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin—A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis
title Alpha-1 Antitrypsin—A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis
title_full Alpha-1 Antitrypsin—A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis
title_fullStr Alpha-1 Antitrypsin—A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis
title_full_unstemmed Alpha-1 Antitrypsin—A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis
title_short Alpha-1 Antitrypsin—A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis
title_sort alpha-1 antitrypsin—a target for microrna-based therapeutic development for cystic fibrosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037267/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012925
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030836
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