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Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania
From the available statistical data, cement factories co-process a range of over 100 types of waste (sorted both industrial and household) being authorized for their use as combustion components in clinker ovens. Therefore, the level of emissions is different depending on the type of fuels and waste...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32041114 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031019 |
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author | Voicu, Gheorghe Ciobanu, Cristian Istrate, Irina Aura Tudor, Paula |
author_facet | Voicu, Gheorghe Ciobanu, Cristian Istrate, Irina Aura Tudor, Paula |
author_sort | Voicu, Gheorghe |
collection | PubMed |
description | From the available statistical data, cement factories co-process a range of over 100 types of waste (sorted both industrial and household) being authorized for their use as combustion components in clinker ovens. Therefore, the level of emissions is different depending on the type of fuels and waste used. The amount of industrial and municipal co-processed waste in the Romanian cement industry from 2004 to 2013 was about 1,500,000 tons, the equivalent of municipal waste generated in a year for 18 cities with over 250,000 inhabitants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the emission level of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) at the clinker kilns at two cement factories in Romania for different annual time intervals and to do a comparative analysis, to estimate their compliance with legislation in force. The measurements results showed average emission levels of about 0.578 mg/Nm(3) for HCl and about 0.100 mg/Nm(3) for HF, in the first hours of the evening, but decreased at the beginning of the third tour, at about 0.385 mg/Nm(3) for HCl, respectively, to about 0.085 mg/Nm(3) for HF. The evolution of HCl and HF emission levels during the last 4 years showed a variable distribution of these acids. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7037784 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70377842020-03-10 Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania Voicu, Gheorghe Ciobanu, Cristian Istrate, Irina Aura Tudor, Paula Int J Environ Res Public Health Article From the available statistical data, cement factories co-process a range of over 100 types of waste (sorted both industrial and household) being authorized for their use as combustion components in clinker ovens. Therefore, the level of emissions is different depending on the type of fuels and waste used. The amount of industrial and municipal co-processed waste in the Romanian cement industry from 2004 to 2013 was about 1,500,000 tons, the equivalent of municipal waste generated in a year for 18 cities with over 250,000 inhabitants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the emission level of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) at the clinker kilns at two cement factories in Romania for different annual time intervals and to do a comparative analysis, to estimate their compliance with legislation in force. The measurements results showed average emission levels of about 0.578 mg/Nm(3) for HCl and about 0.100 mg/Nm(3) for HF, in the first hours of the evening, but decreased at the beginning of the third tour, at about 0.385 mg/Nm(3) for HCl, respectively, to about 0.085 mg/Nm(3) for HF. The evolution of HCl and HF emission levels during the last 4 years showed a variable distribution of these acids. MDPI 2020-02-06 2020-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7037784/ /pubmed/32041114 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031019 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Voicu, Gheorghe Ciobanu, Cristian Istrate, Irina Aura Tudor, Paula Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania |
title | Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania |
title_full | Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania |
title_fullStr | Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania |
title_full_unstemmed | Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania |
title_short | Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania |
title_sort | emissions control of hydrochloric and fluorhydric acid in cement factories from romania |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32041114 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031019 |
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