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Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk
Background: Breast cancer rates in Asia are much lower than in Europe and North America. Within Asia, rates are lower in Mongolia than in neighboring countries. Variation in pregnancy exposure to endogenous hormone concentrations may explain the differences, but data are lacking. Methods: We measure...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030823 |
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author | Ganmaa, Davaasambuu Enkhmaa, Davaasambuu Baatar, Tsedmaa Uyanga, Buyanjargal Gantsetseg, Garmaa Helde, Thomas T. McElrath, Thomas F. Cantonwine, David E. Bradwin, Gary Falk, Roni T. Hoover, Robert N. Troisi, Rebecca |
author_facet | Ganmaa, Davaasambuu Enkhmaa, Davaasambuu Baatar, Tsedmaa Uyanga, Buyanjargal Gantsetseg, Garmaa Helde, Thomas T. McElrath, Thomas F. Cantonwine, David E. Bradwin, Gary Falk, Roni T. Hoover, Robert N. Troisi, Rebecca |
author_sort | Ganmaa, Davaasambuu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Breast cancer rates in Asia are much lower than in Europe and North America. Within Asia, rates are lower in Mongolia than in neighboring countries. Variation in pregnancy exposure to endogenous hormone concentrations may explain the differences, but data are lacking. Methods: We measured maternal serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol and estrone concentrations in the second half of pregnancy in a cross-sectional study of urban (n = 143–194 depending on the analyte) and rural (n = 150–193) Mongolian women, and U.S. women from Boston (n = 66–204). Medical records provided information on maternal and perinatal factors. Geometric mean hormones were estimated from standard linear models with the log-hormone as the dependent variable and country as the independent variable adjusted for maternal and gestational age at blood draw. Results: Mean concentrations of prolactin (5722 vs. 4648 uIU/mL; p < 0.0001) and estradiol (17.7 vs. 13.6 ng/mL; p < 0.0001) were greater in Mongolian than U.S. women, while progesterone (147 vs. 201 ng/mL; p < 0.0001) was lower. Mean hormone concentrations were similar in rural and urban Mongolian women. Results were generally similar, with additional adjustment for gravidity, parity, height, body mass index at blood draw, education and alcohol use during pregnancy, and when stratified by offspring sex or parity. Conclusions: Mongolian women had greater concentrations of prolactin and estrogen and lower concentrations of progesterone than U.S. women, while hormone concentrations were similar in rural and urban Mongolian pregnancies. Impact: These data do not support the hypothesis that estrogen concentrations in pregnant women are lower in Mongolian compared with Caucasian women. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7037832 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70378322020-03-10 Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk Ganmaa, Davaasambuu Enkhmaa, Davaasambuu Baatar, Tsedmaa Uyanga, Buyanjargal Gantsetseg, Garmaa Helde, Thomas T. McElrath, Thomas F. Cantonwine, David E. Bradwin, Gary Falk, Roni T. Hoover, Robert N. Troisi, Rebecca Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Breast cancer rates in Asia are much lower than in Europe and North America. Within Asia, rates are lower in Mongolia than in neighboring countries. Variation in pregnancy exposure to endogenous hormone concentrations may explain the differences, but data are lacking. Methods: We measured maternal serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol and estrone concentrations in the second half of pregnancy in a cross-sectional study of urban (n = 143–194 depending on the analyte) and rural (n = 150–193) Mongolian women, and U.S. women from Boston (n = 66–204). Medical records provided information on maternal and perinatal factors. Geometric mean hormones were estimated from standard linear models with the log-hormone as the dependent variable and country as the independent variable adjusted for maternal and gestational age at blood draw. Results: Mean concentrations of prolactin (5722 vs. 4648 uIU/mL; p < 0.0001) and estradiol (17.7 vs. 13.6 ng/mL; p < 0.0001) were greater in Mongolian than U.S. women, while progesterone (147 vs. 201 ng/mL; p < 0.0001) was lower. Mean hormone concentrations were similar in rural and urban Mongolian women. Results were generally similar, with additional adjustment for gravidity, parity, height, body mass index at blood draw, education and alcohol use during pregnancy, and when stratified by offspring sex or parity. Conclusions: Mongolian women had greater concentrations of prolactin and estrogen and lower concentrations of progesterone than U.S. women, while hormone concentrations were similar in rural and urban Mongolian pregnancies. Impact: These data do not support the hypothesis that estrogen concentrations in pregnant women are lower in Mongolian compared with Caucasian women. MDPI 2020-01-28 2020-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7037832/ /pubmed/32012981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030823 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ganmaa, Davaasambuu Enkhmaa, Davaasambuu Baatar, Tsedmaa Uyanga, Buyanjargal Gantsetseg, Garmaa Helde, Thomas T. McElrath, Thomas F. Cantonwine, David E. Bradwin, Gary Falk, Roni T. Hoover, Robert N. Troisi, Rebecca Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk |
title | Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk |
title_full | Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk |
title_fullStr | Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk |
title_full_unstemmed | Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk |
title_short | Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk |
title_sort | maternal pregnancy hormone concentrations in countries with very low and high breast cancer risk |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030823 |
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