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Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training
The athletic horse, despite being over 50% muscle mass, remains understudied with regard to the effects of exercise and training on skeletal muscle metabolism. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we employed an untargeted metabolomics approach to characterize the exercise-induced and fitness-rel...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7040365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132934 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00110 |
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author | Klein, Dylan J. McKeever, Kenneth H. Mirek, Emily T. Anthony, Tracy G. |
author_facet | Klein, Dylan J. McKeever, Kenneth H. Mirek, Emily T. Anthony, Tracy G. |
author_sort | Klein, Dylan J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The athletic horse, despite being over 50% muscle mass, remains understudied with regard to the effects of exercise and training on skeletal muscle metabolism. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we employed an untargeted metabolomics approach to characterize the exercise-induced and fitness-related changes in the skeletal muscle of eight unconditioned Standardbred horses (four male, four female) before and after a 12-week training period. Before training, unconditioned horses showed a high degree of individual variation in the skeletal muscle metabolome, resulting in very few differences basally and at 3 and 24 h after acute fatiguing exercise. Training did not alter body composition but did improve maximal aerobic and running capacities (p < 0.05), and significantly altered the skeletal muscle metabolome (p < 0.05, q < 0.1). While sex independently influenced body composition and distance run following training (p < 0.05), sex did not affect the skeletal muscle metabolome. Exercise-induced metabolomic alterations (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) largely centered on the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), xenobiotics, and a variety of lipid and nucleotide-related metabolites, particularly in the conditioned state. Further, training increased (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) the relative abundance of almost every identified lipid species, and this was accompanied by increased plasma BCAAs (p < 0.0005), phenylalanine (p = 0.01), and tyrosine (p < 0.02). Acute exercise in the conditioned state decreased (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) the relative abundance of almost all lipid-related species in skeletal muscle by 24 h post-exercise, whereas plasma amino acids remained unaltered. These changes occurred alongside increased muscle gene expression (p < 0.05) related to lipid uptake (Cd36) and lipid (Cpt1b) and BCAA (Bckdk) utilization. This work suggests that metabolites related to amino acid, lipid, nucleotide and xenobiotic metabolism play pivotal roles in the response of equine skeletal muscle to vigorous exercise and training. Use of these and future data sets could be used to track the impact of training and fitness on equine health and may lead to novel predictors and/or diagnostic biomarkers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7040365 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70403652020-03-04 Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training Klein, Dylan J. McKeever, Kenneth H. Mirek, Emily T. Anthony, Tracy G. Front Physiol Physiology The athletic horse, despite being over 50% muscle mass, remains understudied with regard to the effects of exercise and training on skeletal muscle metabolism. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we employed an untargeted metabolomics approach to characterize the exercise-induced and fitness-related changes in the skeletal muscle of eight unconditioned Standardbred horses (four male, four female) before and after a 12-week training period. Before training, unconditioned horses showed a high degree of individual variation in the skeletal muscle metabolome, resulting in very few differences basally and at 3 and 24 h after acute fatiguing exercise. Training did not alter body composition but did improve maximal aerobic and running capacities (p < 0.05), and significantly altered the skeletal muscle metabolome (p < 0.05, q < 0.1). While sex independently influenced body composition and distance run following training (p < 0.05), sex did not affect the skeletal muscle metabolome. Exercise-induced metabolomic alterations (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) largely centered on the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), xenobiotics, and a variety of lipid and nucleotide-related metabolites, particularly in the conditioned state. Further, training increased (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) the relative abundance of almost every identified lipid species, and this was accompanied by increased plasma BCAAs (p < 0.0005), phenylalanine (p = 0.01), and tyrosine (p < 0.02). Acute exercise in the conditioned state decreased (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) the relative abundance of almost all lipid-related species in skeletal muscle by 24 h post-exercise, whereas plasma amino acids remained unaltered. These changes occurred alongside increased muscle gene expression (p < 0.05) related to lipid uptake (Cd36) and lipid (Cpt1b) and BCAA (Bckdk) utilization. This work suggests that metabolites related to amino acid, lipid, nucleotide and xenobiotic metabolism play pivotal roles in the response of equine skeletal muscle to vigorous exercise and training. Use of these and future data sets could be used to track the impact of training and fitness on equine health and may lead to novel predictors and/or diagnostic biomarkers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7040365/ /pubmed/32132934 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00110 Text en Copyright © 2020 Klein, McKeever, Mirek and Anthony. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Klein, Dylan J. McKeever, Kenneth H. Mirek, Emily T. Anthony, Tracy G. Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training |
title | Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training |
title_full | Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training |
title_fullStr | Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training |
title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training |
title_short | Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training |
title_sort | metabolomic response of equine skeletal muscle to acute fatiguing exercise and training |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7040365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132934 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00110 |
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