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Severe anaemia complicating HIV in Malawi; Multiple co-existing aetiologies are associated with high mortality

BACKGROUND: Severe anaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected adults living in resource-limited countries. Comprehensive data on the aetiology are lacking but are needed to improve outcomes. METHODS: HIV-infected adults with severe (haemoglobin ≤70g/l) or very severe anaemia...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Huibers, Minke H. W., Bates, Imelda, McKew, Steve, Allain, Theresa J., Coupland, Sarah E., Phiri, Chimota, Phiri, Kamija S., Boele van Hensbroek, Michael, Calis, Job C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32097440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218695
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: Severe anaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected adults living in resource-limited countries. Comprehensive data on the aetiology are lacking but are needed to improve outcomes. METHODS: HIV-infected adults with severe (haemoglobin ≤70g/l) or very severe anaemia (haemoglobin ≤ 50 g/l) were recruited at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Fifteen potential causes and associations with anaemia severity and mortality were explored. RESULTS: 199 patients were enrolled: 42.2% had very severe anaemia and 45.7% were on ART. More than two potential causes for anaemia were present in 94% of the patients including iron deficiency (55.3%), underweight (BMI<20: 49.7%), TB infection (41.2%) and unsuppressed HIV infection (viral load >1000 copies/ml) (73.9%). EBV/CMV co-infection (16.5%) was associated with very severe anaemia (OR 2.8 95% CI 1.1–6.9). Overall mortality was high (53%; 100/199) with a median time to death of 17.5 days (IQR 6–55) days. Death was associated with folate deficiency (HR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2–3.8) and end stage renal disease (HR 3.2; 95% CI 1.6–6.2). CONCLUSION: Mortality among severely anaemic HIV-infected adults is strikingly high. Clinicians should be aware of the urgent need for a multifactorial approach including starting or optimising HIV treatment, considering TB treatment, nutritional support and optimising renal management.