Changing the mindset for precision medicine: from incentivized biobanking models to genomic data

The emerging paradigm in contemporary healthcare, precision medicine, is widely seen as a revolutionary approach to both clinical treatment and overall health promotion. Precision models are making use of the most up-to-date technological advancements – such as genomics and ‘big data’ processing – in an effort to tailor healthcare to each individual. Yet the list of hurdles to successful implementation of precision medicine is no secret. Among the challenges, it was recently suggested in this journal that we must change the ‘mindset’ of patients, practitioners and the wider public (McGonigle, 2016). And while precision medicine indeed demands a significant shift, we must not understate the extent of the overhaul required. In particular, I argue, against McGonigle's suggestion, that the ethical challenges regarding participant contributions cannot be tackled by relying upon existing models of incentivized blood banking or organ donation. Instead, the success of precision medicine requires a wholescale change in mindset.