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Origin, Diversity, and Evolution of Telomere Sequences in Plants

Telomeres are basic structures of eukaryote genomes. They distinguish natural chromosome ends from double-stranded breaks in DNA and protect chromosome ends from degradation or end-to-end fusion with other chromosomes. Telomere sequences are usually tandemly arranged minisatellites, typically follow...

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Autores principales: Peska, Vratislav, Garcia, Sònia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7046594/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32153618
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00117
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author Peska, Vratislav
Garcia, Sònia
author_facet Peska, Vratislav
Garcia, Sònia
author_sort Peska, Vratislav
collection PubMed
description Telomeres are basic structures of eukaryote genomes. They distinguish natural chromosome ends from double-stranded breaks in DNA and protect chromosome ends from degradation or end-to-end fusion with other chromosomes. Telomere sequences are usually tandemly arranged minisatellites, typically following the formula (T(x)A(y)G(z))(n). Although they are well conserved across large groups of organisms, recent findings in plants imply that their diversity has been underestimated. Changes in telomeres are of enormous evolutionary importance as they can affect whole-genome stability. Even a small change in the telomere motif of each repeat unit represents an important interference in the system of sequence-specific telomere binding proteins. Here, we provide an overview of telomere sequences, considering the latest phylogenomic evolutionary framework of plants in the broad sense (Archaeplastida), in which new telomeric sequences have recently been found in diverse and economically important families such as Solanaceae and Amaryllidaceae. In the family Lentibulariaceae and in many groups of green algae, deviations from the typical plant telomeric sequence have also been detected recently. Ancestry and possible homoplasy in telomeric motifs, as well as extant gaps in knowledge are discussed. With the increasing availability of genomic approaches, it is likely that more telomeric diversity will be uncovered in the future. We also discuss basic methods used for telomere identification and we explain the implications of the recent discovery of plant telomerase RNA on further research about the role of telomerase in eukaryogenesis or on the molecular causes and consequences of telomere variability.
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spelling pubmed-70465942020-03-09 Origin, Diversity, and Evolution of Telomere Sequences in Plants Peska, Vratislav Garcia, Sònia Front Plant Sci Plant Science Telomeres are basic structures of eukaryote genomes. They distinguish natural chromosome ends from double-stranded breaks in DNA and protect chromosome ends from degradation or end-to-end fusion with other chromosomes. Telomere sequences are usually tandemly arranged minisatellites, typically following the formula (T(x)A(y)G(z))(n). Although they are well conserved across large groups of organisms, recent findings in plants imply that their diversity has been underestimated. Changes in telomeres are of enormous evolutionary importance as they can affect whole-genome stability. Even a small change in the telomere motif of each repeat unit represents an important interference in the system of sequence-specific telomere binding proteins. Here, we provide an overview of telomere sequences, considering the latest phylogenomic evolutionary framework of plants in the broad sense (Archaeplastida), in which new telomeric sequences have recently been found in diverse and economically important families such as Solanaceae and Amaryllidaceae. In the family Lentibulariaceae and in many groups of green algae, deviations from the typical plant telomeric sequence have also been detected recently. Ancestry and possible homoplasy in telomeric motifs, as well as extant gaps in knowledge are discussed. With the increasing availability of genomic approaches, it is likely that more telomeric diversity will be uncovered in the future. We also discuss basic methods used for telomere identification and we explain the implications of the recent discovery of plant telomerase RNA on further research about the role of telomerase in eukaryogenesis or on the molecular causes and consequences of telomere variability. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7046594/ /pubmed/32153618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00117 Text en Copyright © 2020 Peska and Garcia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Peska, Vratislav
Garcia, Sònia
Origin, Diversity, and Evolution of Telomere Sequences in Plants
title Origin, Diversity, and Evolution of Telomere Sequences in Plants
title_full Origin, Diversity, and Evolution of Telomere Sequences in Plants
title_fullStr Origin, Diversity, and Evolution of Telomere Sequences in Plants
title_full_unstemmed Origin, Diversity, and Evolution of Telomere Sequences in Plants
title_short Origin, Diversity, and Evolution of Telomere Sequences in Plants
title_sort origin, diversity, and evolution of telomere sequences in plants
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7046594/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32153618
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00117
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