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Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level
IMPORTANCE: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child’s life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assess...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Medical Association
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7047856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32105305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716 |
_version_ | 1783502192931504128 |
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author | Fabian, Ido Didi Abdallah, Elhassan Abdullahi, Shehu U. Abdulqader, Rula A. Adamou Boubacar, Sahadatou Ademola-Popoola, Dupe S. Adio, Adedayo Afshar, Armin R. Aggarwal, Priyanka Aghaji, Ada E. Ahmad, Alia Akib, Marliyanti N. R. Al Harby, Lamis Al Ani, Mouroge H. Alakbarova, Aygun Portabella, Silvia Alarcón Al-Badri, Safaa A. F. Alcasabas, Ana Patricia A. Al-Dahmash, Saad A. Alejos, Amanda Alemany-Rubio, Ernesto Alfa Bio, Amadou I. Alfonso Carreras, Yvania Al-Haddad, Christiane Al-Hussaini, Hamoud H. Y. Ali, Amany M. Alia, Donjeta B. Al-Jadiry, Mazin F. Al-Jumaly, Usama Alkatan, Hind M. All-Eriksson, Charlotta Al-Mafrachi, Ali A. R. M. Almeida, Argentino A. Alsawidi, Khalifa M. Al-Shaheen, Athar A. S. M. Al-Shammary, Entissar H. Amiruddin, Primawita O. Antonino, Romanzo Astbury, Nicholas J. Atalay, Hatice T. Atchaneeyasakul, La-ongsri Atsiaya, Rose Attaseth, Taweevat Aung, Than H. Ayala, Silvia Baizakova, Baglan Balaguer, Julia Balayeva, Ruhengiz Balwierz, Walentyna Barranco, Honorio Bascaran, Covadonga Beck Popovic, Maja Benavides, Raquel Benmiloud, Sarra Bennani Guebessi, Nissrine Berete, Rokia C. Berry, Jesse L. Bhaduri, Anirban Bhat, Sunil Biddulph, Shelley J. Biewald, Eva M. Bobrova, Nadia Boehme, Marianna Boldt, H.C. Bonanomi, Maria Teresa B. C. Bornfeld, Norbert Bouda, Gabrielle C. Bouguila, Hédi Boumedane, Amaria Brennan, Rachel C. Brichard, Bénédicte G. Buaboonnam, Jassada Calderón-Sotelo, Patricia Calle Jara, Doris A. Camuglia, Jayne E. Cano, Miriam R. Capra, Michael Cassoux, Nathalie Castela, Guilherme Castillo, Luis Català-Mora, Jaume Chantada, Guillermo L. Chaudhry, Shabana Chaugule, Sonal S. Chauhan, Argudit Chawla, Bhavna Chernodrinska, Violeta S. Chiwanga, Faraja S. Chuluunbat, Tsengelmaa Cieslik, Krzysztof Cockcroft, Ruellyn L. Comsa, Codruta Correa, Zelia M. Correa Llano, Maria G. Corson, Timothy W. Cowan-Lyn, Kristin E. Csóka, Monika Cui, Xuehao Da Gama, Isac V. Dangboon, Wantanee Das, Anirban Das, Sima Davanzo, Jacquelyn M. Davidson, Alan De Potter, Patrick Delgado, Karina Q. Demirci, Hakan Desjardins, Laurence Diaz Coronado, Rosdali Y. Dimaras, Helen Dodgshun, Andrew J. Donaldson, Craig Donato Macedo, Carla R. Dragomir, Monica D. Du, Yi Du Bruyn, Magritha Edison, Kemala S. Eka Sutyawan, I. Wayan El Kettani, Asmaa Elbahi, Amal M. Elder, James E. Elgalaly, Dina Elhaddad, Alaa M. Elhassan, Moawia M. Ali Elzembely, Mahmoud M. Essuman, Vera A. Evina, Ted Grimbert A. Fadoo, Zehra Fandiño, Adriana C. Faranoush, Mohammad Fasina, Oluyemi Fernández, Delia D. P. G. Fernández-Teijeiro, Ana Foster, Allen Frenkel, Shahar Fu, Ligia D. Fuentes-Alabi, Soad L. Gallie, Brenda L. Gandiwa, Moira Garcia, Juan L. García Aldana, David Gassant, Pascale Y. Geel, Jennifer A. Ghassemi, Fariba Girón, Ana V. Gizachew, Zelalem Goenz, Marco A. Gold, Aaron S. Goldberg-Lavid, Maya Gole, Glen A. Gomel, Nir Gonzalez, Efren Gonzalez Perez, Graciela González-Rodríguez, Liudmira Garcia Pacheco, Henry N. Graells, Jaime Green, Liz Gregersen, Pernille A. Grigorovski, Nathalia D. A. K. Guedenon, Koffi M. Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva Gündüz, Ahmet K. Gupta, Himika Gupta, Sanjiv Hadjistilianou, Theodora Hamel, Patrick Hamid, Syed A. Hamzah, Norhafizah Hansen, Eric D. Harbour, J. William Hartnett, M. Elizabeth Hasanreisoglu, Murat Hassan, Sadiq Hassan, Shadab Hederova, Stanislava Hernandez, Jose Hernandez, Lorelay Marie Carcamo Hessissen, Laila Hordofa, Diriba F. Huang, Laura C. Hubbard, G. B. Hummlen, Marlies Husakova, Kristina Hussein Al-Janabi, Allawi N. Ida, Russo Ilic, Vesna R. Jairaj, Vivekaraj Jeeva, Irfan Jenkinson, Helen Ji, Xunda Jo, Dong Hyun Johnson, Kenneth P. Johnson, William J. Jones, Michael M. Kabesha, Theophile B. Amani Kabore, Rolande L. Kaliki, Swathi Kalinaki, Abubakar Kantar, Mehmet Kao, Ling-Yuh Kardava, Tamar Kebudi, Rejin Kepak, Tomas Keren-Froim, Naama Khan, Zohora J. Khaqan, Hussain A. Khauv, Phara Kheir, Wajiha J. Khetan, Vikas Khodabande, Alireza Khotenashvili, Zaza Kim, Jonathan W. Kim, Jeong Hun Kiratli, Hayyam Kivelä, Tero T. Klett, Artur Komba Palet, Jess Elio Kosh Krivaitiene, Dalia Kruger, Mariana Kulvichit, Kittisak Kuntorini, Mayasari W. Kyara, Alice Lachmann, Eva S. Lam, Carol P. S. Lam, Geoffrey C. Larson, Scott A. Latinović, Slobodanka Laurenti, Kelly D. Le, Bao Han A. Lecuona, Karin Leverant, Amy A. Li, Cairui Limbu, Ben Long, Quah Boon López, Juan P. Lukamba, Robert M. Lumbroso, Livia Luna-Fineman, Sandra Lutfi, Delfitri Lysytsia, Lesia Magrath, George N. Mahajan, Amita Majeed, Abdul Rahim Maka, Erika Makan, Mayuri Makimbetov, Emil K. Manda, Chatonda Martín Begue, Nieves Mason, Lauren Mason, John O. Matende, Ibrahim O. Materin, Miguel Mattosinho, Clarissa C. D. S. Matua, Marchelo Mayet, Ismail Mbumba, Freddy B. McKenzie, John D. Medina-Sanson, Aurora Mehrvar, Azim Mengesha, Aemero A. Menon, Vikas Mercado, Gary John V. D. Mets, Marilyn B. Midena, Edoardo Mishra, Divyansh K. C. Mndeme, Furahini G. Mohamedani, Ahmed A. Mohammad, Mona T. Moll, Annette C. Montero, Margarita M. Morales, Rosa A. Moreira, Claude Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi Msina, Mchikirwa S. Msukwa, Gerald Mudaliar, Sangeeta S. Muma, Kangwa I. Munier, Francis L. Murgoi, Gabriela Murray, Timothy G. Musa, Kareem O. Mushtaq, Asma Mustak, Hamzah Muyen, Okwen M. Naidu, Gita Nair, Akshay Gopinathan Naumenko, Larisa Ndoye Roth, Paule Aïda Nency, Yetty M. Neroev, Vladimir Ngo, Hang Nieves, Rosa M. Nikitovic, Marina Nkanga, Elizabeth D. Nkumbe, Henry Nuruddin, Murtuza Nyaywa, Mutale Obono-Obiang, Ghislaine Oguego, Ngozi C. Olechowski, Andrzej Oliver, Scott C. N. Osei-Bonsu, Peter Ossandon, Diego Paez-Escamilla, Manuel A. Pagarra, Halimah Painter, Sally L Paintsil, Vivian Paiva, Luisa Pal, Bikramjit P. Palanivelu, Mahesh Shanmugam Papyan, Ruzanna Parrozzani, Raffaele Parulekar, Manoj Pascual Morales, Claudia R. Paton, Katherine E. Pawinska-Wasikowska, Katarzyna Pe'er, Jacob Peña, Armando Perić, Sanja Pham, Chau T. M. Philbert, Remezo Plager, David A. Pochop, Pavel Polania, Rodrigo A. Polyakov, Vladimir G. Pompe, Manca T. Pons, Jonathan J. Prat, Daphna Prom, Vireak Purwanto, Ignatius Qadir, Ali O. Qayyum, Seema Qian, Jiang Rahman, Ardizal Rahman, Salman Rahmat, Jamalia Rajkarnikar, Purnima Ramanjulu, Rajesh Ramasubramanian, Aparna Ramirez-Ortiz, Marco A. Raobela, Léa Rashid, Riffat Reddy, M. Ashwin Reich, Ehud Renner, Lorna A. Reynders, David Ribadu, Dahiru Riheia, Mussagy M. Ritter-Sovinz, Petra Rojanaporn, Duangnate Romero, Livia Roy, Soma R. Saab, Raya H. Saakyan, Svetlana Sabhan, Ahmed H Sagoo, Mandeep S. Said, Azza M. A. Saiju, Rohit Salas, Beatriz San Román Pacheco, Sonsoles Sánchez, Gissela L. Sayalith, Phayvanh Scanlan, Trish A. Schefler, Amy C. Schoeman, Judy Sedaghat, Ahad Seregard, Stefan Seth, Rachna Shah, Ankoor S. Shakoor, Shawkat A. Sharma, Manoj K. Sherief, Sadik T. Shetye, Nandan G. Shields, Carol L. Siddiqui, Sorath Noorani Sidi Cheikh, Sidi Silva, Sónia Singh, Arun D. Singh, Niharika Singh, Usha Singha, Penny Sitorus, Rita S. Skalet, Alison H. Soebagjo, Hendrian D. Sorochynska, Tetyana Ssali, Grace Stacey, Andrew W. Staffieri, Sandra E. Stahl, Erin D. Stathopoulos, Christina Stirn Kranjc, Branka Stones, David K. Strahlendorf, Caron Suarez, Maria Estela Coleoni Sultana, Sadia Sun, Xiantao Sundy, Meryl Superstein, Rosanne Supriyadi, Eddy Surukrattanaskul, Supawan Suzuki, Shigenobu Svojgr, Karel Sylla, Fatoumata Tamamyan, Gevorg Tan, Deborah Tandili, Alketa Tarrillo Leiva, Fanny F. Tashvighi, Maryam Tateshi, Bekim Tehuteru, Edi S. Teixeira, Luiz F. Teh, Kok Hoi Theophile, Tuyisabe Toledano, Helen Trang, Doan L. Traoré, Fousseyni Trichaiyaporn, Sumalin Tuncer, Samuray Tyau-Tyau, Harba Umar, Ali B. Unal, Emel Uner, Ogul E. Urbak, Steen F. Ushakova, Tatiana L. Usmanov, Rustam H. Valeina, Sandra van Hoefen Wijsard, Milo Varadisai, Adisai Vasquez, Liliana Vaughan, Leon O. Veleva-Krasteva, Nevyana V. Verma, Nishant Victor, Andi A. Viksnins, Maris Villacís Chafla, Edwin G. Vishnevskia-Dai, Vicktoria Vora, Tushar Wachtel, Antonio E. Wackernagel, Werner Waddell, Keith Wade, Patricia D. Wali, Amina H. Wang, Yi-Zhuo Weiss, Avery Wilson, Matthew W. Wime, Amelia D. C. Wiwatwongwana, Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, Damrong Wolley Dod, Charlotte Wongwai, Phanthipha Xiang, Daoman Xiao, Yishuang Yam, Jason C. Yang, Huasheng Yanga, Jenny M. Yaqub, Muhammad A Yarovaya, Vera A. Yarovoy, Andrey A. Ye, Huijing Yousef, Yacoub A. Yuliawati, Putu Zapata López, Arturo M. Zein, Ekhtelbenina Zhang, Chengyue Zhang, Yi Zhao, Junyang Zheng, Xiaoyu Zhilyaeva, Katsiaryna Zia, Nida Ziko, Othman A. O. Zondervan, Marcia Bowman, Richard |
author_facet | Fabian, Ido Didi Abdallah, Elhassan Abdullahi, Shehu U. Abdulqader, Rula A. Adamou Boubacar, Sahadatou Ademola-Popoola, Dupe S. Adio, Adedayo Afshar, Armin R. Aggarwal, Priyanka Aghaji, Ada E. Ahmad, Alia Akib, Marliyanti N. R. Al Harby, Lamis Al Ani, Mouroge H. Alakbarova, Aygun Portabella, Silvia Alarcón Al-Badri, Safaa A. F. Alcasabas, Ana Patricia A. Al-Dahmash, Saad A. Alejos, Amanda Alemany-Rubio, Ernesto Alfa Bio, Amadou I. Alfonso Carreras, Yvania Al-Haddad, Christiane Al-Hussaini, Hamoud H. Y. Ali, Amany M. Alia, Donjeta B. Al-Jadiry, Mazin F. Al-Jumaly, Usama Alkatan, Hind M. All-Eriksson, Charlotta Al-Mafrachi, Ali A. R. M. Almeida, Argentino A. Alsawidi, Khalifa M. Al-Shaheen, Athar A. S. M. Al-Shammary, Entissar H. Amiruddin, Primawita O. Antonino, Romanzo Astbury, Nicholas J. Atalay, Hatice T. Atchaneeyasakul, La-ongsri Atsiaya, Rose Attaseth, Taweevat Aung, Than H. Ayala, Silvia Baizakova, Baglan Balaguer, Julia Balayeva, Ruhengiz Balwierz, Walentyna Barranco, Honorio Bascaran, Covadonga Beck Popovic, Maja Benavides, Raquel Benmiloud, Sarra Bennani Guebessi, Nissrine Berete, Rokia C. Berry, Jesse L. Bhaduri, Anirban Bhat, Sunil Biddulph, Shelley J. Biewald, Eva M. Bobrova, Nadia Boehme, Marianna Boldt, H.C. Bonanomi, Maria Teresa B. C. Bornfeld, Norbert Bouda, Gabrielle C. Bouguila, Hédi Boumedane, Amaria Brennan, Rachel C. Brichard, Bénédicte G. Buaboonnam, Jassada Calderón-Sotelo, Patricia Calle Jara, Doris A. Camuglia, Jayne E. Cano, Miriam R. Capra, Michael Cassoux, Nathalie Castela, Guilherme Castillo, Luis Català-Mora, Jaume Chantada, Guillermo L. Chaudhry, Shabana Chaugule, Sonal S. Chauhan, Argudit Chawla, Bhavna Chernodrinska, Violeta S. Chiwanga, Faraja S. Chuluunbat, Tsengelmaa Cieslik, Krzysztof Cockcroft, Ruellyn L. Comsa, Codruta Correa, Zelia M. Correa Llano, Maria G. Corson, Timothy W. Cowan-Lyn, Kristin E. Csóka, Monika Cui, Xuehao Da Gama, Isac V. Dangboon, Wantanee Das, Anirban Das, Sima Davanzo, Jacquelyn M. Davidson, Alan De Potter, Patrick Delgado, Karina Q. Demirci, Hakan Desjardins, Laurence Diaz Coronado, Rosdali Y. Dimaras, Helen Dodgshun, Andrew J. Donaldson, Craig Donato Macedo, Carla R. Dragomir, Monica D. Du, Yi Du Bruyn, Magritha Edison, Kemala S. Eka Sutyawan, I. Wayan El Kettani, Asmaa Elbahi, Amal M. Elder, James E. Elgalaly, Dina Elhaddad, Alaa M. Elhassan, Moawia M. Ali Elzembely, Mahmoud M. Essuman, Vera A. Evina, Ted Grimbert A. Fadoo, Zehra Fandiño, Adriana C. Faranoush, Mohammad Fasina, Oluyemi Fernández, Delia D. P. G. Fernández-Teijeiro, Ana Foster, Allen Frenkel, Shahar Fu, Ligia D. Fuentes-Alabi, Soad L. Gallie, Brenda L. Gandiwa, Moira Garcia, Juan L. García Aldana, David Gassant, Pascale Y. Geel, Jennifer A. Ghassemi, Fariba Girón, Ana V. Gizachew, Zelalem Goenz, Marco A. Gold, Aaron S. Goldberg-Lavid, Maya Gole, Glen A. Gomel, Nir Gonzalez, Efren Gonzalez Perez, Graciela González-Rodríguez, Liudmira Garcia Pacheco, Henry N. Graells, Jaime Green, Liz Gregersen, Pernille A. Grigorovski, Nathalia D. A. K. Guedenon, Koffi M. Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva Gündüz, Ahmet K. Gupta, Himika Gupta, Sanjiv Hadjistilianou, Theodora Hamel, Patrick Hamid, Syed A. Hamzah, Norhafizah Hansen, Eric D. Harbour, J. William Hartnett, M. Elizabeth Hasanreisoglu, Murat Hassan, Sadiq Hassan, Shadab Hederova, Stanislava Hernandez, Jose Hernandez, Lorelay Marie Carcamo Hessissen, Laila Hordofa, Diriba F. Huang, Laura C. Hubbard, G. B. Hummlen, Marlies Husakova, Kristina Hussein Al-Janabi, Allawi N. Ida, Russo Ilic, Vesna R. Jairaj, Vivekaraj Jeeva, Irfan Jenkinson, Helen Ji, Xunda Jo, Dong Hyun Johnson, Kenneth P. Johnson, William J. Jones, Michael M. Kabesha, Theophile B. Amani Kabore, Rolande L. Kaliki, Swathi Kalinaki, Abubakar Kantar, Mehmet Kao, Ling-Yuh Kardava, Tamar Kebudi, Rejin Kepak, Tomas Keren-Froim, Naama Khan, Zohora J. Khaqan, Hussain A. Khauv, Phara Kheir, Wajiha J. Khetan, Vikas Khodabande, Alireza Khotenashvili, Zaza Kim, Jonathan W. Kim, Jeong Hun Kiratli, Hayyam Kivelä, Tero T. Klett, Artur Komba Palet, Jess Elio Kosh Krivaitiene, Dalia Kruger, Mariana Kulvichit, Kittisak Kuntorini, Mayasari W. Kyara, Alice Lachmann, Eva S. Lam, Carol P. S. Lam, Geoffrey C. Larson, Scott A. Latinović, Slobodanka Laurenti, Kelly D. Le, Bao Han A. Lecuona, Karin Leverant, Amy A. Li, Cairui Limbu, Ben Long, Quah Boon López, Juan P. Lukamba, Robert M. Lumbroso, Livia Luna-Fineman, Sandra Lutfi, Delfitri Lysytsia, Lesia Magrath, George N. Mahajan, Amita Majeed, Abdul Rahim Maka, Erika Makan, Mayuri Makimbetov, Emil K. Manda, Chatonda Martín Begue, Nieves Mason, Lauren Mason, John O. Matende, Ibrahim O. Materin, Miguel Mattosinho, Clarissa C. D. S. Matua, Marchelo Mayet, Ismail Mbumba, Freddy B. McKenzie, John D. Medina-Sanson, Aurora Mehrvar, Azim Mengesha, Aemero A. Menon, Vikas Mercado, Gary John V. D. Mets, Marilyn B. Midena, Edoardo Mishra, Divyansh K. C. Mndeme, Furahini G. Mohamedani, Ahmed A. Mohammad, Mona T. Moll, Annette C. Montero, Margarita M. Morales, Rosa A. Moreira, Claude Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi Msina, Mchikirwa S. Msukwa, Gerald Mudaliar, Sangeeta S. Muma, Kangwa I. Munier, Francis L. Murgoi, Gabriela Murray, Timothy G. Musa, Kareem O. Mushtaq, Asma Mustak, Hamzah Muyen, Okwen M. Naidu, Gita Nair, Akshay Gopinathan Naumenko, Larisa Ndoye Roth, Paule Aïda Nency, Yetty M. Neroev, Vladimir Ngo, Hang Nieves, Rosa M. Nikitovic, Marina Nkanga, Elizabeth D. Nkumbe, Henry Nuruddin, Murtuza Nyaywa, Mutale Obono-Obiang, Ghislaine Oguego, Ngozi C. Olechowski, Andrzej Oliver, Scott C. N. Osei-Bonsu, Peter Ossandon, Diego Paez-Escamilla, Manuel A. Pagarra, Halimah Painter, Sally L Paintsil, Vivian Paiva, Luisa Pal, Bikramjit P. Palanivelu, Mahesh Shanmugam Papyan, Ruzanna Parrozzani, Raffaele Parulekar, Manoj Pascual Morales, Claudia R. Paton, Katherine E. Pawinska-Wasikowska, Katarzyna Pe'er, Jacob Peña, Armando Perić, Sanja Pham, Chau T. M. Philbert, Remezo Plager, David A. Pochop, Pavel Polania, Rodrigo A. Polyakov, Vladimir G. Pompe, Manca T. Pons, Jonathan J. Prat, Daphna Prom, Vireak Purwanto, Ignatius Qadir, Ali O. Qayyum, Seema Qian, Jiang Rahman, Ardizal Rahman, Salman Rahmat, Jamalia Rajkarnikar, Purnima Ramanjulu, Rajesh Ramasubramanian, Aparna Ramirez-Ortiz, Marco A. Raobela, Léa Rashid, Riffat Reddy, M. Ashwin Reich, Ehud Renner, Lorna A. Reynders, David Ribadu, Dahiru Riheia, Mussagy M. Ritter-Sovinz, Petra Rojanaporn, Duangnate Romero, Livia Roy, Soma R. Saab, Raya H. Saakyan, Svetlana Sabhan, Ahmed H Sagoo, Mandeep S. Said, Azza M. A. Saiju, Rohit Salas, Beatriz San Román Pacheco, Sonsoles Sánchez, Gissela L. Sayalith, Phayvanh Scanlan, Trish A. Schefler, Amy C. Schoeman, Judy Sedaghat, Ahad Seregard, Stefan Seth, Rachna Shah, Ankoor S. Shakoor, Shawkat A. Sharma, Manoj K. Sherief, Sadik T. Shetye, Nandan G. Shields, Carol L. Siddiqui, Sorath Noorani Sidi Cheikh, Sidi Silva, Sónia Singh, Arun D. Singh, Niharika Singh, Usha Singha, Penny Sitorus, Rita S. Skalet, Alison H. Soebagjo, Hendrian D. Sorochynska, Tetyana Ssali, Grace Stacey, Andrew W. Staffieri, Sandra E. Stahl, Erin D. Stathopoulos, Christina Stirn Kranjc, Branka Stones, David K. Strahlendorf, Caron Suarez, Maria Estela Coleoni Sultana, Sadia Sun, Xiantao Sundy, Meryl Superstein, Rosanne Supriyadi, Eddy Surukrattanaskul, Supawan Suzuki, Shigenobu Svojgr, Karel Sylla, Fatoumata Tamamyan, Gevorg Tan, Deborah Tandili, Alketa Tarrillo Leiva, Fanny F. Tashvighi, Maryam Tateshi, Bekim Tehuteru, Edi S. Teixeira, Luiz F. Teh, Kok Hoi Theophile, Tuyisabe Toledano, Helen Trang, Doan L. Traoré, Fousseyni Trichaiyaporn, Sumalin Tuncer, Samuray Tyau-Tyau, Harba Umar, Ali B. Unal, Emel Uner, Ogul E. Urbak, Steen F. Ushakova, Tatiana L. Usmanov, Rustam H. Valeina, Sandra van Hoefen Wijsard, Milo Varadisai, Adisai Vasquez, Liliana Vaughan, Leon O. Veleva-Krasteva, Nevyana V. Verma, Nishant Victor, Andi A. Viksnins, Maris Villacís Chafla, Edwin G. Vishnevskia-Dai, Vicktoria Vora, Tushar Wachtel, Antonio E. Wackernagel, Werner Waddell, Keith Wade, Patricia D. Wali, Amina H. Wang, Yi-Zhuo Weiss, Avery Wilson, Matthew W. Wime, Amelia D. C. Wiwatwongwana, Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, Damrong Wolley Dod, Charlotte Wongwai, Phanthipha Xiang, Daoman Xiao, Yishuang Yam, Jason C. Yang, Huasheng Yanga, Jenny M. Yaqub, Muhammad A Yarovaya, Vera A. Yarovoy, Andrey A. Ye, Huijing Yousef, Yacoub A. Yuliawati, Putu Zapata López, Arturo M. Zein, Ekhtelbenina Zhang, Chengyue Zhang, Yi Zhao, Junyang Zheng, Xiaoyu Zhilyaeva, Katsiaryna Zia, Nida Ziko, Othman A. O. Zondervan, Marcia Bowman, Richard |
collection | PubMed |
description | IMPORTANCE: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child’s life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. OBJECTIVES: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. RESULTS: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle–income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle–income countries vs upper-middle–income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7047856 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | American Medical Association |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70478562020-03-16 Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level Fabian, Ido Didi Abdallah, Elhassan Abdullahi, Shehu U. Abdulqader, Rula A. Adamou Boubacar, Sahadatou Ademola-Popoola, Dupe S. Adio, Adedayo Afshar, Armin R. Aggarwal, Priyanka Aghaji, Ada E. Ahmad, Alia Akib, Marliyanti N. R. Al Harby, Lamis Al Ani, Mouroge H. Alakbarova, Aygun Portabella, Silvia Alarcón Al-Badri, Safaa A. F. Alcasabas, Ana Patricia A. Al-Dahmash, Saad A. Alejos, Amanda Alemany-Rubio, Ernesto Alfa Bio, Amadou I. Alfonso Carreras, Yvania Al-Haddad, Christiane Al-Hussaini, Hamoud H. Y. Ali, Amany M. Alia, Donjeta B. Al-Jadiry, Mazin F. Al-Jumaly, Usama Alkatan, Hind M. All-Eriksson, Charlotta Al-Mafrachi, Ali A. R. M. Almeida, Argentino A. Alsawidi, Khalifa M. Al-Shaheen, Athar A. S. M. Al-Shammary, Entissar H. Amiruddin, Primawita O. Antonino, Romanzo Astbury, Nicholas J. Atalay, Hatice T. Atchaneeyasakul, La-ongsri Atsiaya, Rose Attaseth, Taweevat Aung, Than H. Ayala, Silvia Baizakova, Baglan Balaguer, Julia Balayeva, Ruhengiz Balwierz, Walentyna Barranco, Honorio Bascaran, Covadonga Beck Popovic, Maja Benavides, Raquel Benmiloud, Sarra Bennani Guebessi, Nissrine Berete, Rokia C. Berry, Jesse L. Bhaduri, Anirban Bhat, Sunil Biddulph, Shelley J. Biewald, Eva M. Bobrova, Nadia Boehme, Marianna Boldt, H.C. Bonanomi, Maria Teresa B. C. Bornfeld, Norbert Bouda, Gabrielle C. Bouguila, Hédi Boumedane, Amaria Brennan, Rachel C. Brichard, Bénédicte G. Buaboonnam, Jassada Calderón-Sotelo, Patricia Calle Jara, Doris A. Camuglia, Jayne E. Cano, Miriam R. Capra, Michael Cassoux, Nathalie Castela, Guilherme Castillo, Luis Català-Mora, Jaume Chantada, Guillermo L. Chaudhry, Shabana Chaugule, Sonal S. Chauhan, Argudit Chawla, Bhavna Chernodrinska, Violeta S. Chiwanga, Faraja S. Chuluunbat, Tsengelmaa Cieslik, Krzysztof Cockcroft, Ruellyn L. Comsa, Codruta Correa, Zelia M. Correa Llano, Maria G. Corson, Timothy W. Cowan-Lyn, Kristin E. Csóka, Monika Cui, Xuehao Da Gama, Isac V. Dangboon, Wantanee Das, Anirban Das, Sima Davanzo, Jacquelyn M. Davidson, Alan De Potter, Patrick Delgado, Karina Q. Demirci, Hakan Desjardins, Laurence Diaz Coronado, Rosdali Y. Dimaras, Helen Dodgshun, Andrew J. Donaldson, Craig Donato Macedo, Carla R. Dragomir, Monica D. Du, Yi Du Bruyn, Magritha Edison, Kemala S. Eka Sutyawan, I. Wayan El Kettani, Asmaa Elbahi, Amal M. Elder, James E. Elgalaly, Dina Elhaddad, Alaa M. Elhassan, Moawia M. Ali Elzembely, Mahmoud M. Essuman, Vera A. Evina, Ted Grimbert A. Fadoo, Zehra Fandiño, Adriana C. Faranoush, Mohammad Fasina, Oluyemi Fernández, Delia D. P. G. Fernández-Teijeiro, Ana Foster, Allen Frenkel, Shahar Fu, Ligia D. Fuentes-Alabi, Soad L. Gallie, Brenda L. Gandiwa, Moira Garcia, Juan L. García Aldana, David Gassant, Pascale Y. Geel, Jennifer A. Ghassemi, Fariba Girón, Ana V. Gizachew, Zelalem Goenz, Marco A. Gold, Aaron S. Goldberg-Lavid, Maya Gole, Glen A. Gomel, Nir Gonzalez, Efren Gonzalez Perez, Graciela González-Rodríguez, Liudmira Garcia Pacheco, Henry N. Graells, Jaime Green, Liz Gregersen, Pernille A. Grigorovski, Nathalia D. A. K. Guedenon, Koffi M. Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva Gündüz, Ahmet K. Gupta, Himika Gupta, Sanjiv Hadjistilianou, Theodora Hamel, Patrick Hamid, Syed A. Hamzah, Norhafizah Hansen, Eric D. Harbour, J. William Hartnett, M. Elizabeth Hasanreisoglu, Murat Hassan, Sadiq Hassan, Shadab Hederova, Stanislava Hernandez, Jose Hernandez, Lorelay Marie Carcamo Hessissen, Laila Hordofa, Diriba F. Huang, Laura C. Hubbard, G. B. Hummlen, Marlies Husakova, Kristina Hussein Al-Janabi, Allawi N. Ida, Russo Ilic, Vesna R. Jairaj, Vivekaraj Jeeva, Irfan Jenkinson, Helen Ji, Xunda Jo, Dong Hyun Johnson, Kenneth P. Johnson, William J. Jones, Michael M. Kabesha, Theophile B. Amani Kabore, Rolande L. Kaliki, Swathi Kalinaki, Abubakar Kantar, Mehmet Kao, Ling-Yuh Kardava, Tamar Kebudi, Rejin Kepak, Tomas Keren-Froim, Naama Khan, Zohora J. Khaqan, Hussain A. Khauv, Phara Kheir, Wajiha J. Khetan, Vikas Khodabande, Alireza Khotenashvili, Zaza Kim, Jonathan W. Kim, Jeong Hun Kiratli, Hayyam Kivelä, Tero T. Klett, Artur Komba Palet, Jess Elio Kosh Krivaitiene, Dalia Kruger, Mariana Kulvichit, Kittisak Kuntorini, Mayasari W. Kyara, Alice Lachmann, Eva S. Lam, Carol P. S. Lam, Geoffrey C. Larson, Scott A. Latinović, Slobodanka Laurenti, Kelly D. Le, Bao Han A. Lecuona, Karin Leverant, Amy A. Li, Cairui Limbu, Ben Long, Quah Boon López, Juan P. Lukamba, Robert M. Lumbroso, Livia Luna-Fineman, Sandra Lutfi, Delfitri Lysytsia, Lesia Magrath, George N. Mahajan, Amita Majeed, Abdul Rahim Maka, Erika Makan, Mayuri Makimbetov, Emil K. Manda, Chatonda Martín Begue, Nieves Mason, Lauren Mason, John O. Matende, Ibrahim O. Materin, Miguel Mattosinho, Clarissa C. D. S. Matua, Marchelo Mayet, Ismail Mbumba, Freddy B. McKenzie, John D. Medina-Sanson, Aurora Mehrvar, Azim Mengesha, Aemero A. Menon, Vikas Mercado, Gary John V. D. Mets, Marilyn B. Midena, Edoardo Mishra, Divyansh K. C. Mndeme, Furahini G. Mohamedani, Ahmed A. Mohammad, Mona T. Moll, Annette C. Montero, Margarita M. Morales, Rosa A. Moreira, Claude Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi Msina, Mchikirwa S. Msukwa, Gerald Mudaliar, Sangeeta S. Muma, Kangwa I. Munier, Francis L. Murgoi, Gabriela Murray, Timothy G. Musa, Kareem O. Mushtaq, Asma Mustak, Hamzah Muyen, Okwen M. Naidu, Gita Nair, Akshay Gopinathan Naumenko, Larisa Ndoye Roth, Paule Aïda Nency, Yetty M. Neroev, Vladimir Ngo, Hang Nieves, Rosa M. Nikitovic, Marina Nkanga, Elizabeth D. Nkumbe, Henry Nuruddin, Murtuza Nyaywa, Mutale Obono-Obiang, Ghislaine Oguego, Ngozi C. Olechowski, Andrzej Oliver, Scott C. N. Osei-Bonsu, Peter Ossandon, Diego Paez-Escamilla, Manuel A. Pagarra, Halimah Painter, Sally L Paintsil, Vivian Paiva, Luisa Pal, Bikramjit P. Palanivelu, Mahesh Shanmugam Papyan, Ruzanna Parrozzani, Raffaele Parulekar, Manoj Pascual Morales, Claudia R. Paton, Katherine E. Pawinska-Wasikowska, Katarzyna Pe'er, Jacob Peña, Armando Perić, Sanja Pham, Chau T. M. Philbert, Remezo Plager, David A. Pochop, Pavel Polania, Rodrigo A. Polyakov, Vladimir G. Pompe, Manca T. Pons, Jonathan J. Prat, Daphna Prom, Vireak Purwanto, Ignatius Qadir, Ali O. Qayyum, Seema Qian, Jiang Rahman, Ardizal Rahman, Salman Rahmat, Jamalia Rajkarnikar, Purnima Ramanjulu, Rajesh Ramasubramanian, Aparna Ramirez-Ortiz, Marco A. Raobela, Léa Rashid, Riffat Reddy, M. Ashwin Reich, Ehud Renner, Lorna A. Reynders, David Ribadu, Dahiru Riheia, Mussagy M. Ritter-Sovinz, Petra Rojanaporn, Duangnate Romero, Livia Roy, Soma R. Saab, Raya H. Saakyan, Svetlana Sabhan, Ahmed H Sagoo, Mandeep S. Said, Azza M. A. Saiju, Rohit Salas, Beatriz San Román Pacheco, Sonsoles Sánchez, Gissela L. Sayalith, Phayvanh Scanlan, Trish A. Schefler, Amy C. Schoeman, Judy Sedaghat, Ahad Seregard, Stefan Seth, Rachna Shah, Ankoor S. Shakoor, Shawkat A. Sharma, Manoj K. Sherief, Sadik T. Shetye, Nandan G. Shields, Carol L. Siddiqui, Sorath Noorani Sidi Cheikh, Sidi Silva, Sónia Singh, Arun D. Singh, Niharika Singh, Usha Singha, Penny Sitorus, Rita S. Skalet, Alison H. Soebagjo, Hendrian D. Sorochynska, Tetyana Ssali, Grace Stacey, Andrew W. Staffieri, Sandra E. Stahl, Erin D. Stathopoulos, Christina Stirn Kranjc, Branka Stones, David K. Strahlendorf, Caron Suarez, Maria Estela Coleoni Sultana, Sadia Sun, Xiantao Sundy, Meryl Superstein, Rosanne Supriyadi, Eddy Surukrattanaskul, Supawan Suzuki, Shigenobu Svojgr, Karel Sylla, Fatoumata Tamamyan, Gevorg Tan, Deborah Tandili, Alketa Tarrillo Leiva, Fanny F. Tashvighi, Maryam Tateshi, Bekim Tehuteru, Edi S. Teixeira, Luiz F. Teh, Kok Hoi Theophile, Tuyisabe Toledano, Helen Trang, Doan L. Traoré, Fousseyni Trichaiyaporn, Sumalin Tuncer, Samuray Tyau-Tyau, Harba Umar, Ali B. Unal, Emel Uner, Ogul E. Urbak, Steen F. Ushakova, Tatiana L. Usmanov, Rustam H. Valeina, Sandra van Hoefen Wijsard, Milo Varadisai, Adisai Vasquez, Liliana Vaughan, Leon O. Veleva-Krasteva, Nevyana V. Verma, Nishant Victor, Andi A. Viksnins, Maris Villacís Chafla, Edwin G. Vishnevskia-Dai, Vicktoria Vora, Tushar Wachtel, Antonio E. Wackernagel, Werner Waddell, Keith Wade, Patricia D. Wali, Amina H. Wang, Yi-Zhuo Weiss, Avery Wilson, Matthew W. Wime, Amelia D. C. Wiwatwongwana, Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, Damrong Wolley Dod, Charlotte Wongwai, Phanthipha Xiang, Daoman Xiao, Yishuang Yam, Jason C. Yang, Huasheng Yanga, Jenny M. Yaqub, Muhammad A Yarovaya, Vera A. Yarovoy, Andrey A. Ye, Huijing Yousef, Yacoub A. Yuliawati, Putu Zapata López, Arturo M. Zein, Ekhtelbenina Zhang, Chengyue Zhang, Yi Zhao, Junyang Zheng, Xiaoyu Zhilyaeva, Katsiaryna Zia, Nida Ziko, Othman A. O. Zondervan, Marcia Bowman, Richard JAMA Oncol Original Investigation IMPORTANCE: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child’s life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. OBJECTIVES: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. RESULTS: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle–income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle–income countries vs upper-middle–income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. American Medical Association 2020-05 2020-02-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7047856/ /pubmed/32105305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716 Text en Copyright 2020 Global Retinoblastoma Study Group. JAMA Oncology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. |
spellingShingle | Original Investigation Fabian, Ido Didi Abdallah, Elhassan Abdullahi, Shehu U. Abdulqader, Rula A. Adamou Boubacar, Sahadatou Ademola-Popoola, Dupe S. Adio, Adedayo Afshar, Armin R. Aggarwal, Priyanka Aghaji, Ada E. Ahmad, Alia Akib, Marliyanti N. R. Al Harby, Lamis Al Ani, Mouroge H. Alakbarova, Aygun Portabella, Silvia Alarcón Al-Badri, Safaa A. F. Alcasabas, Ana Patricia A. Al-Dahmash, Saad A. Alejos, Amanda Alemany-Rubio, Ernesto Alfa Bio, Amadou I. Alfonso Carreras, Yvania Al-Haddad, Christiane Al-Hussaini, Hamoud H. Y. Ali, Amany M. Alia, Donjeta B. Al-Jadiry, Mazin F. Al-Jumaly, Usama Alkatan, Hind M. All-Eriksson, Charlotta Al-Mafrachi, Ali A. R. M. Almeida, Argentino A. Alsawidi, Khalifa M. Al-Shaheen, Athar A. S. M. Al-Shammary, Entissar H. Amiruddin, Primawita O. Antonino, Romanzo Astbury, Nicholas J. Atalay, Hatice T. Atchaneeyasakul, La-ongsri Atsiaya, Rose Attaseth, Taweevat Aung, Than H. Ayala, Silvia Baizakova, Baglan Balaguer, Julia Balayeva, Ruhengiz Balwierz, Walentyna Barranco, Honorio Bascaran, Covadonga Beck Popovic, Maja Benavides, Raquel Benmiloud, Sarra Bennani Guebessi, Nissrine Berete, Rokia C. Berry, Jesse L. Bhaduri, Anirban Bhat, Sunil Biddulph, Shelley J. Biewald, Eva M. Bobrova, Nadia Boehme, Marianna Boldt, H.C. Bonanomi, Maria Teresa B. C. Bornfeld, Norbert Bouda, Gabrielle C. Bouguila, Hédi Boumedane, Amaria Brennan, Rachel C. Brichard, Bénédicte G. Buaboonnam, Jassada Calderón-Sotelo, Patricia Calle Jara, Doris A. Camuglia, Jayne E. Cano, Miriam R. Capra, Michael Cassoux, Nathalie Castela, Guilherme Castillo, Luis Català-Mora, Jaume Chantada, Guillermo L. Chaudhry, Shabana Chaugule, Sonal S. Chauhan, Argudit Chawla, Bhavna Chernodrinska, Violeta S. Chiwanga, Faraja S. Chuluunbat, Tsengelmaa Cieslik, Krzysztof Cockcroft, Ruellyn L. Comsa, Codruta Correa, Zelia M. Correa Llano, Maria G. Corson, Timothy W. Cowan-Lyn, Kristin E. Csóka, Monika Cui, Xuehao Da Gama, Isac V. Dangboon, Wantanee Das, Anirban Das, Sima Davanzo, Jacquelyn M. Davidson, Alan De Potter, Patrick Delgado, Karina Q. Demirci, Hakan Desjardins, Laurence Diaz Coronado, Rosdali Y. Dimaras, Helen Dodgshun, Andrew J. Donaldson, Craig Donato Macedo, Carla R. Dragomir, Monica D. Du, Yi Du Bruyn, Magritha Edison, Kemala S. Eka Sutyawan, I. Wayan El Kettani, Asmaa Elbahi, Amal M. Elder, James E. Elgalaly, Dina Elhaddad, Alaa M. Elhassan, Moawia M. Ali Elzembely, Mahmoud M. Essuman, Vera A. Evina, Ted Grimbert A. Fadoo, Zehra Fandiño, Adriana C. Faranoush, Mohammad Fasina, Oluyemi Fernández, Delia D. P. G. Fernández-Teijeiro, Ana Foster, Allen Frenkel, Shahar Fu, Ligia D. Fuentes-Alabi, Soad L. Gallie, Brenda L. Gandiwa, Moira Garcia, Juan L. García Aldana, David Gassant, Pascale Y. Geel, Jennifer A. Ghassemi, Fariba Girón, Ana V. Gizachew, Zelalem Goenz, Marco A. Gold, Aaron S. Goldberg-Lavid, Maya Gole, Glen A. Gomel, Nir Gonzalez, Efren Gonzalez Perez, Graciela González-Rodríguez, Liudmira Garcia Pacheco, Henry N. Graells, Jaime Green, Liz Gregersen, Pernille A. Grigorovski, Nathalia D. A. K. Guedenon, Koffi M. Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva Gündüz, Ahmet K. Gupta, Himika Gupta, Sanjiv Hadjistilianou, Theodora Hamel, Patrick Hamid, Syed A. Hamzah, Norhafizah Hansen, Eric D. Harbour, J. William Hartnett, M. Elizabeth Hasanreisoglu, Murat Hassan, Sadiq Hassan, Shadab Hederova, Stanislava Hernandez, Jose Hernandez, Lorelay Marie Carcamo Hessissen, Laila Hordofa, Diriba F. Huang, Laura C. Hubbard, G. B. Hummlen, Marlies Husakova, Kristina Hussein Al-Janabi, Allawi N. Ida, Russo Ilic, Vesna R. Jairaj, Vivekaraj Jeeva, Irfan Jenkinson, Helen Ji, Xunda Jo, Dong Hyun Johnson, Kenneth P. Johnson, William J. Jones, Michael M. Kabesha, Theophile B. Amani Kabore, Rolande L. Kaliki, Swathi Kalinaki, Abubakar Kantar, Mehmet Kao, Ling-Yuh Kardava, Tamar Kebudi, Rejin Kepak, Tomas Keren-Froim, Naama Khan, Zohora J. Khaqan, Hussain A. Khauv, Phara Kheir, Wajiha J. Khetan, Vikas Khodabande, Alireza Khotenashvili, Zaza Kim, Jonathan W. Kim, Jeong Hun Kiratli, Hayyam Kivelä, Tero T. Klett, Artur Komba Palet, Jess Elio Kosh Krivaitiene, Dalia Kruger, Mariana Kulvichit, Kittisak Kuntorini, Mayasari W. Kyara, Alice Lachmann, Eva S. Lam, Carol P. S. Lam, Geoffrey C. Larson, Scott A. Latinović, Slobodanka Laurenti, Kelly D. Le, Bao Han A. Lecuona, Karin Leverant, Amy A. Li, Cairui Limbu, Ben Long, Quah Boon López, Juan P. Lukamba, Robert M. Lumbroso, Livia Luna-Fineman, Sandra Lutfi, Delfitri Lysytsia, Lesia Magrath, George N. Mahajan, Amita Majeed, Abdul Rahim Maka, Erika Makan, Mayuri Makimbetov, Emil K. Manda, Chatonda Martín Begue, Nieves Mason, Lauren Mason, John O. Matende, Ibrahim O. Materin, Miguel Mattosinho, Clarissa C. D. S. Matua, Marchelo Mayet, Ismail Mbumba, Freddy B. McKenzie, John D. Medina-Sanson, Aurora Mehrvar, Azim Mengesha, Aemero A. Menon, Vikas Mercado, Gary John V. D. Mets, Marilyn B. Midena, Edoardo Mishra, Divyansh K. C. Mndeme, Furahini G. Mohamedani, Ahmed A. Mohammad, Mona T. Moll, Annette C. Montero, Margarita M. Morales, Rosa A. Moreira, Claude Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi Msina, Mchikirwa S. Msukwa, Gerald Mudaliar, Sangeeta S. Muma, Kangwa I. Munier, Francis L. Murgoi, Gabriela Murray, Timothy G. Musa, Kareem O. Mushtaq, Asma Mustak, Hamzah Muyen, Okwen M. Naidu, Gita Nair, Akshay Gopinathan Naumenko, Larisa Ndoye Roth, Paule Aïda Nency, Yetty M. Neroev, Vladimir Ngo, Hang Nieves, Rosa M. Nikitovic, Marina Nkanga, Elizabeth D. Nkumbe, Henry Nuruddin, Murtuza Nyaywa, Mutale Obono-Obiang, Ghislaine Oguego, Ngozi C. Olechowski, Andrzej Oliver, Scott C. N. Osei-Bonsu, Peter Ossandon, Diego Paez-Escamilla, Manuel A. Pagarra, Halimah Painter, Sally L Paintsil, Vivian Paiva, Luisa Pal, Bikramjit P. Palanivelu, Mahesh Shanmugam Papyan, Ruzanna Parrozzani, Raffaele Parulekar, Manoj Pascual Morales, Claudia R. Paton, Katherine E. Pawinska-Wasikowska, Katarzyna Pe'er, Jacob Peña, Armando Perić, Sanja Pham, Chau T. M. Philbert, Remezo Plager, David A. Pochop, Pavel Polania, Rodrigo A. Polyakov, Vladimir G. Pompe, Manca T. Pons, Jonathan J. Prat, Daphna Prom, Vireak Purwanto, Ignatius Qadir, Ali O. Qayyum, Seema Qian, Jiang Rahman, Ardizal Rahman, Salman Rahmat, Jamalia Rajkarnikar, Purnima Ramanjulu, Rajesh Ramasubramanian, Aparna Ramirez-Ortiz, Marco A. Raobela, Léa Rashid, Riffat Reddy, M. Ashwin Reich, Ehud Renner, Lorna A. Reynders, David Ribadu, Dahiru Riheia, Mussagy M. Ritter-Sovinz, Petra Rojanaporn, Duangnate Romero, Livia Roy, Soma R. Saab, Raya H. Saakyan, Svetlana Sabhan, Ahmed H Sagoo, Mandeep S. Said, Azza M. A. Saiju, Rohit Salas, Beatriz San Román Pacheco, Sonsoles Sánchez, Gissela L. Sayalith, Phayvanh Scanlan, Trish A. Schefler, Amy C. Schoeman, Judy Sedaghat, Ahad Seregard, Stefan Seth, Rachna Shah, Ankoor S. Shakoor, Shawkat A. Sharma, Manoj K. Sherief, Sadik T. Shetye, Nandan G. Shields, Carol L. Siddiqui, Sorath Noorani Sidi Cheikh, Sidi Silva, Sónia Singh, Arun D. Singh, Niharika Singh, Usha Singha, Penny Sitorus, Rita S. Skalet, Alison H. Soebagjo, Hendrian D. Sorochynska, Tetyana Ssali, Grace Stacey, Andrew W. Staffieri, Sandra E. Stahl, Erin D. Stathopoulos, Christina Stirn Kranjc, Branka Stones, David K. Strahlendorf, Caron Suarez, Maria Estela Coleoni Sultana, Sadia Sun, Xiantao Sundy, Meryl Superstein, Rosanne Supriyadi, Eddy Surukrattanaskul, Supawan Suzuki, Shigenobu Svojgr, Karel Sylla, Fatoumata Tamamyan, Gevorg Tan, Deborah Tandili, Alketa Tarrillo Leiva, Fanny F. Tashvighi, Maryam Tateshi, Bekim Tehuteru, Edi S. Teixeira, Luiz F. Teh, Kok Hoi Theophile, Tuyisabe Toledano, Helen Trang, Doan L. Traoré, Fousseyni Trichaiyaporn, Sumalin Tuncer, Samuray Tyau-Tyau, Harba Umar, Ali B. Unal, Emel Uner, Ogul E. Urbak, Steen F. Ushakova, Tatiana L. Usmanov, Rustam H. Valeina, Sandra van Hoefen Wijsard, Milo Varadisai, Adisai Vasquez, Liliana Vaughan, Leon O. Veleva-Krasteva, Nevyana V. Verma, Nishant Victor, Andi A. Viksnins, Maris Villacís Chafla, Edwin G. Vishnevskia-Dai, Vicktoria Vora, Tushar Wachtel, Antonio E. Wackernagel, Werner Waddell, Keith Wade, Patricia D. Wali, Amina H. Wang, Yi-Zhuo Weiss, Avery Wilson, Matthew W. Wime, Amelia D. C. Wiwatwongwana, Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, Damrong Wolley Dod, Charlotte Wongwai, Phanthipha Xiang, Daoman Xiao, Yishuang Yam, Jason C. Yang, Huasheng Yanga, Jenny M. Yaqub, Muhammad A Yarovaya, Vera A. Yarovoy, Andrey A. Ye, Huijing Yousef, Yacoub A. Yuliawati, Putu Zapata López, Arturo M. Zein, Ekhtelbenina Zhang, Chengyue Zhang, Yi Zhao, Junyang Zheng, Xiaoyu Zhilyaeva, Katsiaryna Zia, Nida Ziko, Othman A. O. Zondervan, Marcia Bowman, Richard Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level |
title | Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level |
title_full | Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level |
title_fullStr | Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level |
title_full_unstemmed | Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level |
title_short | Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level |
title_sort | global retinoblastoma presentation and analysis by national income level |
topic | Original Investigation |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7047856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32105305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716 |
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