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An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze

Although regional haze adversely affects human health and possibly counteracts global warming from increasing levels of greenhouse gases, the formation and radiative forcing of regional haze on climate remain uncertain. By combining field measurements, laboratory experiments, and model simulations,...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Fang, Wang, Yuan, Peng, Jianfei, Chen, Lu, Sun, Yele, Duan, Lian, Ge, Xinlei, Li, Yixin, Zhao, Jiayun, Liu, Chao, Zhang, Xiaochun, Zhang, Gen, Pan, Yuepeng, Wang, Yuesi, Zhang, Annie L., Ji, Yuemeng, Wang, Gehui, Hu, Min, Molina, Mario J., Zhang, Renyi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32041887
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919343117
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author Zhang, Fang
Wang, Yuan
Peng, Jianfei
Chen, Lu
Sun, Yele
Duan, Lian
Ge, Xinlei
Li, Yixin
Zhao, Jiayun
Liu, Chao
Zhang, Xiaochun
Zhang, Gen
Pan, Yuepeng
Wang, Yuesi
Zhang, Annie L.
Ji, Yuemeng
Wang, Gehui
Hu, Min
Molina, Mario J.
Zhang, Renyi
author_facet Zhang, Fang
Wang, Yuan
Peng, Jianfei
Chen, Lu
Sun, Yele
Duan, Lian
Ge, Xinlei
Li, Yixin
Zhao, Jiayun
Liu, Chao
Zhang, Xiaochun
Zhang, Gen
Pan, Yuepeng
Wang, Yuesi
Zhang, Annie L.
Ji, Yuemeng
Wang, Gehui
Hu, Min
Molina, Mario J.
Zhang, Renyi
author_sort Zhang, Fang
collection PubMed
description Although regional haze adversely affects human health and possibly counteracts global warming from increasing levels of greenhouse gases, the formation and radiative forcing of regional haze on climate remain uncertain. By combining field measurements, laboratory experiments, and model simulations, we show a remarkable role of black carbon (BC) particles in driving the formation and trend of regional haze. Our analysis of long-term measurements in China indicates declined frequency of heavy haze events along with significantly reduced SO(2), but negligibly alleviated haze severity. Also, no improving trend exists for moderate haze events. Our complementary laboratory experiments demonstrate that SO(2) oxidation is efficiently catalyzed on BC particles in the presence of NO(2) and NH(3), even at low SO(2) and intermediate relative humidity levels. Inclusion of the BC reaction accounts for about 90–100% and 30–50% of the sulfate production during moderate and heavy haze events, respectively. Calculations using a radiative transfer model and accounting for the sulfate formation on BC yield an invariant radiative forcing of nearly zero W m(−2) on the top of the atmosphere throughout haze development, indicating small net climatic cooling/warming but large surface cooling, atmospheric heating, and air stagnation. This BC catalytic chemistry facilitates haze development and explains the observed trends of regional haze in China. Our results imply that reduction of SO(2) alone is insufficient in mitigating haze occurrence and highlight the necessity of accurate representation of the BC chemical and radiative properties in predicting the formation and assessing the impacts of regional haze.
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spelling pubmed-70491612020-03-06 An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze Zhang, Fang Wang, Yuan Peng, Jianfei Chen, Lu Sun, Yele Duan, Lian Ge, Xinlei Li, Yixin Zhao, Jiayun Liu, Chao Zhang, Xiaochun Zhang, Gen Pan, Yuepeng Wang, Yuesi Zhang, Annie L. Ji, Yuemeng Wang, Gehui Hu, Min Molina, Mario J. Zhang, Renyi Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Physical Sciences Although regional haze adversely affects human health and possibly counteracts global warming from increasing levels of greenhouse gases, the formation and radiative forcing of regional haze on climate remain uncertain. By combining field measurements, laboratory experiments, and model simulations, we show a remarkable role of black carbon (BC) particles in driving the formation and trend of regional haze. Our analysis of long-term measurements in China indicates declined frequency of heavy haze events along with significantly reduced SO(2), but negligibly alleviated haze severity. Also, no improving trend exists for moderate haze events. Our complementary laboratory experiments demonstrate that SO(2) oxidation is efficiently catalyzed on BC particles in the presence of NO(2) and NH(3), even at low SO(2) and intermediate relative humidity levels. Inclusion of the BC reaction accounts for about 90–100% and 30–50% of the sulfate production during moderate and heavy haze events, respectively. Calculations using a radiative transfer model and accounting for the sulfate formation on BC yield an invariant radiative forcing of nearly zero W m(−2) on the top of the atmosphere throughout haze development, indicating small net climatic cooling/warming but large surface cooling, atmospheric heating, and air stagnation. This BC catalytic chemistry facilitates haze development and explains the observed trends of regional haze in China. Our results imply that reduction of SO(2) alone is insufficient in mitigating haze occurrence and highlight the necessity of accurate representation of the BC chemical and radiative properties in predicting the formation and assessing the impacts of regional haze. National Academy of Sciences 2020-02-25 2020-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7049161/ /pubmed/32041887 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919343117 Text en Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Physical Sciences
Zhang, Fang
Wang, Yuan
Peng, Jianfei
Chen, Lu
Sun, Yele
Duan, Lian
Ge, Xinlei
Li, Yixin
Zhao, Jiayun
Liu, Chao
Zhang, Xiaochun
Zhang, Gen
Pan, Yuepeng
Wang, Yuesi
Zhang, Annie L.
Ji, Yuemeng
Wang, Gehui
Hu, Min
Molina, Mario J.
Zhang, Renyi
An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze
title An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze
title_full An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze
title_fullStr An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze
title_full_unstemmed An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze
title_short An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze
title_sort unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze
topic Physical Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32041887
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919343117
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