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Abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia

BACKGROUND: Syringomyelia is a serious complication of spinal cord trauma, occurring in approximately 28% of spinal cord injuries. Treatment options are limited and often produce unsatisfactory results. Post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is presumably related to abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid...

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Autores principales: Berliner, Joel, Hemley, Sarah, Najafi, Elmira, Bilston, Lynne, Stoodley, Marcus, Lam, Magdalena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049227/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32111246
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-020-0171-4
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author Berliner, Joel
Hemley, Sarah
Najafi, Elmira
Bilston, Lynne
Stoodley, Marcus
Lam, Magdalena
author_facet Berliner, Joel
Hemley, Sarah
Najafi, Elmira
Bilston, Lynne
Stoodley, Marcus
Lam, Magdalena
author_sort Berliner, Joel
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Syringomyelia is a serious complication of spinal cord trauma, occurring in approximately 28% of spinal cord injuries. Treatment options are limited and often produce unsatisfactory results. Post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is presumably related to abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid hydrodynamics, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. METHODS: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate in detail the interfaces between fluid and tissue in the spinal cords of healthy Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 3) and in a rat model of PTS (n = 3). PTS was induced by computer-controlled impact (75 kDyn) to the spinal cord between C6 and C8, followed by a subarachnoid injection of kaolin to produce focal arachnoiditis. Control animals received a laminectomy only to C6 and C7 vertebrae. Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks post-surgery, and spinal cords were prepared for TEM. Ultra-thin spinal cord sections at the level of the injury were counterstained for structural anatomy. RESULTS: Spinal cords from animals with PTS displayed several abnormalities including enlarged perivascular spaces, extracellular edema, cell death and loss of tissue integrity. Additionally, alterations to endothelial tight junctions and an abundance of pinocytotic vesicles, in tissue adjacent to syrinx, suggested perturbations to blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) function. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that perivascular spaces are important pathways for CSF flow into and out of the spinal cord, but also suggest that fluid may enter the cord through vesicular transport and an altered BSCB.
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spelling pubmed-70492272020-03-05 Abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia Berliner, Joel Hemley, Sarah Najafi, Elmira Bilston, Lynne Stoodley, Marcus Lam, Magdalena Fluids Barriers CNS Research BACKGROUND: Syringomyelia is a serious complication of spinal cord trauma, occurring in approximately 28% of spinal cord injuries. Treatment options are limited and often produce unsatisfactory results. Post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is presumably related to abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid hydrodynamics, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. METHODS: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate in detail the interfaces between fluid and tissue in the spinal cords of healthy Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 3) and in a rat model of PTS (n = 3). PTS was induced by computer-controlled impact (75 kDyn) to the spinal cord between C6 and C8, followed by a subarachnoid injection of kaolin to produce focal arachnoiditis. Control animals received a laminectomy only to C6 and C7 vertebrae. Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks post-surgery, and spinal cords were prepared for TEM. Ultra-thin spinal cord sections at the level of the injury were counterstained for structural anatomy. RESULTS: Spinal cords from animals with PTS displayed several abnormalities including enlarged perivascular spaces, extracellular edema, cell death and loss of tissue integrity. Additionally, alterations to endothelial tight junctions and an abundance of pinocytotic vesicles, in tissue adjacent to syrinx, suggested perturbations to blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) function. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that perivascular spaces are important pathways for CSF flow into and out of the spinal cord, but also suggest that fluid may enter the cord through vesicular transport and an altered BSCB. BioMed Central 2020-02-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7049227/ /pubmed/32111246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-020-0171-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Berliner, Joel
Hemley, Sarah
Najafi, Elmira
Bilston, Lynne
Stoodley, Marcus
Lam, Magdalena
Abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
title Abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
title_full Abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
title_fullStr Abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
title_full_unstemmed Abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
title_short Abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
title_sort abnormalities in spinal cord ultrastructure in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049227/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32111246
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-020-0171-4
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