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HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity

HIV Tat protein is a critical protein that plays multiple roles in HIV pathogenesis. While its role as the transactivator of HIV transcription is well-established, other non-viral replication-associated functions have been described in several HIV-comorbidities even in the current antiretroviral the...

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Autores principales: Ajasin, David, Eugenin, Eliseo A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32158701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00061
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author Ajasin, David
Eugenin, Eliseo A.
author_facet Ajasin, David
Eugenin, Eliseo A.
author_sort Ajasin, David
collection PubMed
description HIV Tat protein is a critical protein that plays multiple roles in HIV pathogenesis. While its role as the transactivator of HIV transcription is well-established, other non-viral replication-associated functions have been described in several HIV-comorbidities even in the current antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. HIV Tat protein is produced and released into the extracellular space from cells with active HIV replication or from latently HIV-infected cells into neighboring uninfected cells even in the absence of active HIV replication and viral production due to effective ART. Neighboring uninfected and HIV-infected cells can take up the released Tat resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory genes and activation of pathways that leads to cytotoxicity observed in several comorbidities such as HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), HIV associated cardiovascular impairment, and accelerated aging. Thus, understanding how Tat modulates host and viral response is important in designing novel therapeutic approaches to target the chronic inflammatory effects of soluble viral proteins in HIV infection.
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spelling pubmed-70521262020-03-10 HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity Ajasin, David Eugenin, Eliseo A. Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology HIV Tat protein is a critical protein that plays multiple roles in HIV pathogenesis. While its role as the transactivator of HIV transcription is well-established, other non-viral replication-associated functions have been described in several HIV-comorbidities even in the current antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. HIV Tat protein is produced and released into the extracellular space from cells with active HIV replication or from latently HIV-infected cells into neighboring uninfected cells even in the absence of active HIV replication and viral production due to effective ART. Neighboring uninfected and HIV-infected cells can take up the released Tat resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory genes and activation of pathways that leads to cytotoxicity observed in several comorbidities such as HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), HIV associated cardiovascular impairment, and accelerated aging. Thus, understanding how Tat modulates host and viral response is important in designing novel therapeutic approaches to target the chronic inflammatory effects of soluble viral proteins in HIV infection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7052126/ /pubmed/32158701 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00061 Text en Copyright © 2020 Ajasin and Eugenin. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Ajasin, David
Eugenin, Eliseo A.
HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity
title HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity
title_full HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity
title_fullStr HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity
title_full_unstemmed HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity
title_short HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity
title_sort hiv-1 tat: role in bystander toxicity
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32158701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00061
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