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Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems

This Perspective paper advances a hypothesis of mechanosensation by endothelial cells in which the cell is a dynamic crowded system, driven by continuous enzyme activity, that can be shifted from one non-equilibrium state to another by external force. The nature of the shift will depend on the direc...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Butler, Peter J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AIP Publishing LLC 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054122/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32161834
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5133645
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author Butler, Peter J.
author_facet Butler, Peter J.
author_sort Butler, Peter J.
collection PubMed
description This Perspective paper advances a hypothesis of mechanosensation by endothelial cells in which the cell is a dynamic crowded system, driven by continuous enzyme activity, that can be shifted from one non-equilibrium state to another by external force. The nature of the shift will depend on the direction, rate of change, and magnitude of the force. Whether force induces a pathophysiological or physiological change in cell biology will be determined by whether the dynamics of a cellular system can accommodate the dynamics and magnitude of the force application. The complex interplay of non-static cytoskeletal structures governs internal cellular rheology, dynamic spatial reorganization, and chemical kinetics of proteins such as integrins, and a flaccid membrane that is dynamically supported; each may constitute the necessary dynamic properties able to sense external fluid shear stress and reorganize in two and three dimensions. The resulting reorganization of enzyme systems in the cell membrane and cytoplasm may drive the cell to a new physiological state. This review focuses on endothelial cell mechanotransduction of shear stress, but may lead to new avenues of investigation of mechanobiology in general requiring new tools for interrogation of mechanobiological systems, tools that will enable the synthesis of large amounts of spatial and temporal data at the molecular, cellular, and system levels.
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spelling pubmed-70541222020-03-11 Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems Butler, Peter J. APL Bioeng Perspectives This Perspective paper advances a hypothesis of mechanosensation by endothelial cells in which the cell is a dynamic crowded system, driven by continuous enzyme activity, that can be shifted from one non-equilibrium state to another by external force. The nature of the shift will depend on the direction, rate of change, and magnitude of the force. Whether force induces a pathophysiological or physiological change in cell biology will be determined by whether the dynamics of a cellular system can accommodate the dynamics and magnitude of the force application. The complex interplay of non-static cytoskeletal structures governs internal cellular rheology, dynamic spatial reorganization, and chemical kinetics of proteins such as integrins, and a flaccid membrane that is dynamically supported; each may constitute the necessary dynamic properties able to sense external fluid shear stress and reorganize in two and three dimensions. The resulting reorganization of enzyme systems in the cell membrane and cytoplasm may drive the cell to a new physiological state. This review focuses on endothelial cell mechanotransduction of shear stress, but may lead to new avenues of investigation of mechanobiology in general requiring new tools for interrogation of mechanobiological systems, tools that will enable the synthesis of large amounts of spatial and temporal data at the molecular, cellular, and system levels. AIP Publishing LLC 2020-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7054122/ /pubmed/32161834 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5133645 Text en © Author(s). 2473-2877/2020/4(1)/010907/7 All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Perspectives
Butler, Peter J.
Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems
title Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems
title_full Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems
title_fullStr Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems
title_full_unstemmed Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems
title_short Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems
title_sort mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems
topic Perspectives
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054122/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32161834
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5133645
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