Impact of the Glycemic Control and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes on Vitamin D Level and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To investigate the impact of glycemic control and T2D duration on vitamin D status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Saudi patients. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted in King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia. A total of 25 nondiabetic controls and 92 patients with confirmed T2D, aged 20–60 years, were included. Patients with T2D were divided into the following groups based on disease duration (newly diagnosed: ≈6 months and long duration: ≥5 years) and glycemic control based on their glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)) level with a threshold of ≤0.053 mol/mol: newly diagnosed controlled (NC, n = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, n = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, n = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, n = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, RESULTS: Our study showed that T2D duration was an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency. The longer disease duration, the lower odds of being vitamin D deficient (odds ratio (OR) = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.29, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA(1C) levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.53, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA(1C) levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.53, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA(1C) levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D ( CONCLUSION: Duration of diabetes rather than glycemic control is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Glycemic uncontrol may augment vitamin D deficiency-associated CVD risk in both newly diagnosed and old patients with type 2 diabetes.