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Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial
OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of high-fiber, isocaloric, macronutrient substitutions on bloating. METHODS: The OmniHeart study is a randomized 3-period crossover feeding trial conducted from April 2003 to June 2005. Participants were provided 3 isocaloric versions of high-fiber (∼30 g per 2,100...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Wolters Kluwer
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7056053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31972610 http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000122 |
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author | Zhang, Mingyu Juraschek, Stephen P. Appel, Lawrence J. Pasricha, Pankaj Jay Miller, Edgar R. Mueller, Noel T. |
author_facet | Zhang, Mingyu Juraschek, Stephen P. Appel, Lawrence J. Pasricha, Pankaj Jay Miller, Edgar R. Mueller, Noel T. |
author_sort | Zhang, Mingyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of high-fiber, isocaloric, macronutrient substitutions on bloating. METHODS: The OmniHeart study is a randomized 3-period crossover feeding trial conducted from April 2003 to June 2005. Participants were provided 3 isocaloric versions of high-fiber (∼30 g per 2,100 kcal) diet, each different in carbohydrate, protein, and unsaturated fat composition. Each feeding period lasted for 6 weeks with a 2- to 4-week washout period between diets. Participants reported the presence and severity of bloating at baseline (participants were eating their own diet) and at the end of each feeding period. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-four participants were included in the analysis (mean age: 53.1 years; 45% women; 55% black). The prevalence of bloating at baseline and at the end of the carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, and unsaturated fat-rich diet period was 18%, 24%, 33%, and 30%, respectively. Compared with baseline, the relative risk of bloating for the carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, and unsaturated fat-rich high-fiber diet was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93, 1.92), 1.78 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.40), and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.26), respectively. The protein-rich diet increased the risk of bloating more than the carbohydrate-rich diet (relative risk = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.88). Bloating did not significantly vary between protein-rich vs unsaturated fat-rich or unsaturated fat-rich vs carbohydrate-rich diets. Black participants compared with non-black participants had a higher risk of bloating after all 3 versions of the high-fiber OmniHeart diet (P-value for interaction = 0.012). DISCUSSION: Substitution of protein with carbohydrate may be an effective strategy to decrease bloating among individuals experiencing gastrointestinal bloating from a high-fiber diet. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7056053 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70560532020-03-18 Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial Zhang, Mingyu Juraschek, Stephen P. Appel, Lawrence J. Pasricha, Pankaj Jay Miller, Edgar R. Mueller, Noel T. Clin Transl Gastroenterol Article OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of high-fiber, isocaloric, macronutrient substitutions on bloating. METHODS: The OmniHeart study is a randomized 3-period crossover feeding trial conducted from April 2003 to June 2005. Participants were provided 3 isocaloric versions of high-fiber (∼30 g per 2,100 kcal) diet, each different in carbohydrate, protein, and unsaturated fat composition. Each feeding period lasted for 6 weeks with a 2- to 4-week washout period between diets. Participants reported the presence and severity of bloating at baseline (participants were eating their own diet) and at the end of each feeding period. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-four participants were included in the analysis (mean age: 53.1 years; 45% women; 55% black). The prevalence of bloating at baseline and at the end of the carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, and unsaturated fat-rich diet period was 18%, 24%, 33%, and 30%, respectively. Compared with baseline, the relative risk of bloating for the carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, and unsaturated fat-rich high-fiber diet was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93, 1.92), 1.78 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.40), and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.26), respectively. The protein-rich diet increased the risk of bloating more than the carbohydrate-rich diet (relative risk = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.88). Bloating did not significantly vary between protein-rich vs unsaturated fat-rich or unsaturated fat-rich vs carbohydrate-rich diets. Black participants compared with non-black participants had a higher risk of bloating after all 3 versions of the high-fiber OmniHeart diet (P-value for interaction = 0.012). DISCUSSION: Substitution of protein with carbohydrate may be an effective strategy to decrease bloating among individuals experiencing gastrointestinal bloating from a high-fiber diet. Wolters Kluwer 2020-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7056053/ /pubmed/31972610 http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000122 Text en © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American College of Gastroenterology This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. |
spellingShingle | Article Zhang, Mingyu Juraschek, Stephen P. Appel, Lawrence J. Pasricha, Pankaj Jay Miller, Edgar R. Mueller, Noel T. Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial |
title | Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial |
title_full | Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial |
title_fullStr | Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial |
title_short | Effects of High-Fiber Diets and Macronutrient Substitution on Bloating: Findings From the OmniHeart Trial |
title_sort | effects of high-fiber diets and macronutrient substitution on bloating: findings from the omniheart trial |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7056053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31972610 http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000122 |
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