Efficiency in Magnocellular Processing: A Common Deficit in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Several neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including Developmental Dyslexia (DD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but not Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), are reported to show deficits in global motion processing. Such behavioral deficits have been linked to a temporal processing defi...

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Autores principales: Brown, Alyse Christine, Peters, Jessica Lee, Parsons, Carl, Crewther, David Philip, Crewther, Sheila Gillard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7057243/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32174819
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00049
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author Brown, Alyse Christine
Peters, Jessica Lee
Parsons, Carl
Crewther, David Philip
Crewther, Sheila Gillard
author_facet Brown, Alyse Christine
Peters, Jessica Lee
Parsons, Carl
Crewther, David Philip
Crewther, Sheila Gillard
author_sort Brown, Alyse Christine
collection PubMed
description Several neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including Developmental Dyslexia (DD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but not Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), are reported to show deficits in global motion processing. Such behavioral deficits have been linked to a temporal processing deficiency. However, to date, there have been few studies assessing the temporal processing efficiency of the Magnocellular M pathways through temporal modulation. Hence, we measured achromatic flicker fusion thresholds at high and low contrast in nonselective samples of NDDs and neurotypicals (mean age 10, range 7–12 years, n = 71) individually, and group matched, for both chronological age and nonverbal intelligence. Autistic tendencies were also measured using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaire as high AQ scores have previously been associated with the greater physiological amplitude of M-generated nonlinearities. The NDD participants presented with singular or comorbid combinations of DD, ASD, and ADHD. The results showed that ASD and DD, including those with comorbid ADHD, demonstrated significantly lower flicker fusion thresholds (FFTs) than their matched controls. Participants with a singular diagnosis of ADHD did not differ from controls in the FFTs. Overall, the entire NDD plus control populations showed a significant negative correlation between FFT and AQ scores (r = −0.269, p < 0.02 n = 71). In conclusion, this study presents evidence showing that a temporally inefficient M pathway could be the unifying network at fault across the NDDs and particularly in ASD and DD diagnoses, but not in singular diagnosis of ADHD.
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spelling pubmed-70572432020-03-13 Efficiency in Magnocellular Processing: A Common Deficit in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Brown, Alyse Christine Peters, Jessica Lee Parsons, Carl Crewther, David Philip Crewther, Sheila Gillard Front Hum Neurosci Human Neuroscience Several neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including Developmental Dyslexia (DD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but not Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), are reported to show deficits in global motion processing. Such behavioral deficits have been linked to a temporal processing deficiency. However, to date, there have been few studies assessing the temporal processing efficiency of the Magnocellular M pathways through temporal modulation. Hence, we measured achromatic flicker fusion thresholds at high and low contrast in nonselective samples of NDDs and neurotypicals (mean age 10, range 7–12 years, n = 71) individually, and group matched, for both chronological age and nonverbal intelligence. Autistic tendencies were also measured using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaire as high AQ scores have previously been associated with the greater physiological amplitude of M-generated nonlinearities. The NDD participants presented with singular or comorbid combinations of DD, ASD, and ADHD. The results showed that ASD and DD, including those with comorbid ADHD, demonstrated significantly lower flicker fusion thresholds (FFTs) than their matched controls. Participants with a singular diagnosis of ADHD did not differ from controls in the FFTs. Overall, the entire NDD plus control populations showed a significant negative correlation between FFT and AQ scores (r = −0.269, p < 0.02 n = 71). In conclusion, this study presents evidence showing that a temporally inefficient M pathway could be the unifying network at fault across the NDDs and particularly in ASD and DD diagnoses, but not in singular diagnosis of ADHD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7057243/ /pubmed/32174819 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00049 Text en Copyright © 2020 Brown, Peters, Parsons, Crewther and Crewther. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Human Neuroscience
Brown, Alyse Christine
Peters, Jessica Lee
Parsons, Carl
Crewther, David Philip
Crewther, Sheila Gillard
Efficiency in Magnocellular Processing: A Common Deficit in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title Efficiency in Magnocellular Processing: A Common Deficit in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_full Efficiency in Magnocellular Processing: A Common Deficit in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_fullStr Efficiency in Magnocellular Processing: A Common Deficit in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Efficiency in Magnocellular Processing: A Common Deficit in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_short Efficiency in Magnocellular Processing: A Common Deficit in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_sort efficiency in magnocellular processing: a common deficit in neurodevelopmental disorders
topic Human Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7057243/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32174819
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00049
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