Cargando…

Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Human psittacosis, caused by Chlamydia (C.) psittaci, is likely underdiagnosed and underreported, since tests for C. psittaci are often not included in routine microbiological diagnostics. Source tracing traditionally focuses on psittacine pet birds, but recently other animal species hav...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hogerwerf, Lenny, Roof, Inge, de Jong, Marianne J. K., Dijkstra, Frederika, van der Hoek, Wim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7057575/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32131753
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4918-y
_version_ 1783503689841901568
author Hogerwerf, Lenny
Roof, Inge
de Jong, Marianne J. K.
Dijkstra, Frederika
van der Hoek, Wim
author_facet Hogerwerf, Lenny
Roof, Inge
de Jong, Marianne J. K.
Dijkstra, Frederika
van der Hoek, Wim
author_sort Hogerwerf, Lenny
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Human psittacosis, caused by Chlamydia (C.) psittaci, is likely underdiagnosed and underreported, since tests for C. psittaci are often not included in routine microbiological diagnostics. Source tracing traditionally focuses on psittacine pet birds, but recently other animal species have been gaining more attention as possible sources for human psittacosis. This review aims to provide an overview of all suspected animal sources of human psittacosis cases reported in the international literature. In addition, for each animal species the strength of evidence for zoonotic transmission was estimated. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Proquest). Articles were included when there was mention of at least one human case of psittacosis and a possible animal source. Investigators independently extracted data from the included articles and estimated strength of evidence for zoonotic transmission, based on a self-developed scoring system taking into account number of human cases, epidemiological evidence and laboratory test results in human, animals, and the environment. RESULTS: Eighty articles were included, which provided information on 136 different situations of possible zoonotic transmission. The maximum score for zoonotic transmission was highest for turkeys, followed by ducks, owls, and the category ‘other poultry’. Articles reporting about zoonotic transmission from unspecified birds, psittaciformes and columbiformes provided a relatively low strength of evidence. A genotypical match between human and animal samples was reported twenty-eight times, including transmission from chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, pigeons, ducks, geese, songbirds, parrot-like birds and owls. CONCLUSIONS: Strong evidence exists for zoonotic transmission from turkeys, chickens and ducks, in addition to the more traditionally reported parrot-like animal sources. Based on our scoring system, the evidence was generally stronger for poultry than for parrot-like birds. Psittaciformes should not be disregarded as an important source of human psittacosis, still clinicians and public health officials should include poultry and birds species other than parrots in medical history and source tracing.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7057575
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-70575752020-03-10 Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review Hogerwerf, Lenny Roof, Inge de Jong, Marianne J. K. Dijkstra, Frederika van der Hoek, Wim BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Human psittacosis, caused by Chlamydia (C.) psittaci, is likely underdiagnosed and underreported, since tests for C. psittaci are often not included in routine microbiological diagnostics. Source tracing traditionally focuses on psittacine pet birds, but recently other animal species have been gaining more attention as possible sources for human psittacosis. This review aims to provide an overview of all suspected animal sources of human psittacosis cases reported in the international literature. In addition, for each animal species the strength of evidence for zoonotic transmission was estimated. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Proquest). Articles were included when there was mention of at least one human case of psittacosis and a possible animal source. Investigators independently extracted data from the included articles and estimated strength of evidence for zoonotic transmission, based on a self-developed scoring system taking into account number of human cases, epidemiological evidence and laboratory test results in human, animals, and the environment. RESULTS: Eighty articles were included, which provided information on 136 different situations of possible zoonotic transmission. The maximum score for zoonotic transmission was highest for turkeys, followed by ducks, owls, and the category ‘other poultry’. Articles reporting about zoonotic transmission from unspecified birds, psittaciformes and columbiformes provided a relatively low strength of evidence. A genotypical match between human and animal samples was reported twenty-eight times, including transmission from chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, pigeons, ducks, geese, songbirds, parrot-like birds and owls. CONCLUSIONS: Strong evidence exists for zoonotic transmission from turkeys, chickens and ducks, in addition to the more traditionally reported parrot-like animal sources. Based on our scoring system, the evidence was generally stronger for poultry than for parrot-like birds. Psittaciformes should not be disregarded as an important source of human psittacosis, still clinicians and public health officials should include poultry and birds species other than parrots in medical history and source tracing. BioMed Central 2020-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7057575/ /pubmed/32131753 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4918-y Text en © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hogerwerf, Lenny
Roof, Inge
de Jong, Marianne J. K.
Dijkstra, Frederika
van der Hoek, Wim
Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review
title Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review
title_full Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review
title_fullStr Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review
title_short Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review
title_sort animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7057575/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32131753
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4918-y
work_keys_str_mv AT hogerwerflenny animalsourcesforzoonotictransmissionofpsittacosisasystematicreview
AT roofinge animalsourcesforzoonotictransmissionofpsittacosisasystematicreview
AT dejongmariannejk animalsourcesforzoonotictransmissionofpsittacosisasystematicreview
AT dijkstrafrederika animalsourcesforzoonotictransmissionofpsittacosisasystematicreview
AT vanderhoekwim animalsourcesforzoonotictransmissionofpsittacosisasystematicreview