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Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: Modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?

The use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by healthy individuals has been a feature for much of recorded history. Cocaine and amphetamine are modern cases of drugs initially enthusiastically acclaimed for enhancing cognition and mood. Today, an increasing number of healthy people are reported to use cogn...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Brühl, Annette B., d’Angelo, Camilla, Sahakian, Barbara J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7058249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32166175
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212818816018
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author Brühl, Annette B.
d’Angelo, Camilla
Sahakian, Barbara J.
author_facet Brühl, Annette B.
d’Angelo, Camilla
Sahakian, Barbara J.
author_sort Brühl, Annette B.
collection PubMed
description The use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by healthy individuals has been a feature for much of recorded history. Cocaine and amphetamine are modern cases of drugs initially enthusiastically acclaimed for enhancing cognition and mood. Today, an increasing number of healthy people are reported to use cognitive-enhancing drugs, as well as other interventions, such as non-invasive brain stimulation, to maintain or improve work performance. Cognitive-enhancing drugs, such as methylphenidate and modafinil, which were developed as treatments, are increasingly being used by healthy people. Modafinil not only affects ‘cold’ cognition, but also improves ‘hot’ cognition, such as emotion recognition and task-related motivation. The lifestyle use of ‘smart drugs’ raises both safety concerns as well as ethical issues, including coercion and increasing disparity in society. As a society, we need to consider which forms of cognitive enhancement (e.g. pharmacological, exercise, lifelong learning) are acceptable and for which groups under what conditions and by what methods we would wish to improve and flourish.
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spelling pubmed-70582492020-03-12 Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: Modafinil as the example of a workplace drug? Brühl, Annette B. d’Angelo, Camilla Sahakian, Barbara J. Brain Neurosci Adv Review Article The use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by healthy individuals has been a feature for much of recorded history. Cocaine and amphetamine are modern cases of drugs initially enthusiastically acclaimed for enhancing cognition and mood. Today, an increasing number of healthy people are reported to use cognitive-enhancing drugs, as well as other interventions, such as non-invasive brain stimulation, to maintain or improve work performance. Cognitive-enhancing drugs, such as methylphenidate and modafinil, which were developed as treatments, are increasingly being used by healthy people. Modafinil not only affects ‘cold’ cognition, but also improves ‘hot’ cognition, such as emotion recognition and task-related motivation. The lifestyle use of ‘smart drugs’ raises both safety concerns as well as ethical issues, including coercion and increasing disparity in society. As a society, we need to consider which forms of cognitive enhancement (e.g. pharmacological, exercise, lifelong learning) are acceptable and for which groups under what conditions and by what methods we would wish to improve and flourish. SAGE Publications 2019-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7058249/ /pubmed/32166175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212818816018 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Review Article
Brühl, Annette B.
d’Angelo, Camilla
Sahakian, Barbara J.
Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: Modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?
title Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: Modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?
title_full Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: Modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?
title_fullStr Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: Modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?
title_full_unstemmed Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: Modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?
title_short Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: Modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?
title_sort neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement: modafinil as the example of a workplace drug?
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7058249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32166175
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212818816018
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