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Spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin

Spiders are important bio-control agents of rice insect pests such as plant- and leafhoppers. To investigate temporal changes in spider prey and variations in prey due to landscape structure around rice fields, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of rice field arthropods were analysed over three con...

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Autores principales: Radermacher, Nico, Hartke, Tamara R., Villareal, Sylvia, Scheu, Stefan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7058567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32002648
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04601-3
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author Radermacher, Nico
Hartke, Tamara R.
Villareal, Sylvia
Scheu, Stefan
author_facet Radermacher, Nico
Hartke, Tamara R.
Villareal, Sylvia
Scheu, Stefan
author_sort Radermacher, Nico
collection PubMed
description Spiders are important bio-control agents of rice insect pests such as plant- and leafhoppers. To investigate temporal changes in spider prey and variations in prey due to landscape structure around rice fields, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of rice field arthropods were analysed over three consecutive sampling dates during the rice cropping season. Initial isotope composition of gnats and midges emerging from submersed rice fields indicates a larval algae diet, while later values suggest a switch to rice-derived carbon. Initial δ(13)C values of plant- and leafhoppers were higher in fields of rice-heterogeneous landscapes, indicating migration from source populations feeding on C4 grasses into rice fields; later, their δ(13)C values approached those of rice. Isotope values of web-building and cursorial spiders in the earliest samples indicate aquatic gnat and midge prey. The later shift toward terrestrial herbivore prey was more pronounced for small than for larger species and in rice paddies near permanent vegetation, indicating use of prey from the surrounding landscape. The results suggest that rice field spiders are supported by three different carbon pools: (1) aquatic carbon originating from algae and (2) legacy carbon from previous growing cycles, both incorporated via between-season predation on gnats and midges, and (3) carbon from the current rice season incorporated via herbivore prey. In conclusion, fostering aquatic midge and gnat larvae, e.g. via mulching, and integrating rice fields into rice-heterogeneous landscapes likely strengthens biological control of pest species in rice paddies by supporting high populations of spiders between cropping seasons. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00442-020-04601-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-70585672020-03-16 Spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin Radermacher, Nico Hartke, Tamara R. Villareal, Sylvia Scheu, Stefan Oecologia Ecosystem Ecology–Original Research Spiders are important bio-control agents of rice insect pests such as plant- and leafhoppers. To investigate temporal changes in spider prey and variations in prey due to landscape structure around rice fields, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of rice field arthropods were analysed over three consecutive sampling dates during the rice cropping season. Initial isotope composition of gnats and midges emerging from submersed rice fields indicates a larval algae diet, while later values suggest a switch to rice-derived carbon. Initial δ(13)C values of plant- and leafhoppers were higher in fields of rice-heterogeneous landscapes, indicating migration from source populations feeding on C4 grasses into rice fields; later, their δ(13)C values approached those of rice. Isotope values of web-building and cursorial spiders in the earliest samples indicate aquatic gnat and midge prey. The later shift toward terrestrial herbivore prey was more pronounced for small than for larger species and in rice paddies near permanent vegetation, indicating use of prey from the surrounding landscape. The results suggest that rice field spiders are supported by three different carbon pools: (1) aquatic carbon originating from algae and (2) legacy carbon from previous growing cycles, both incorporated via between-season predation on gnats and midges, and (3) carbon from the current rice season incorporated via herbivore prey. In conclusion, fostering aquatic midge and gnat larvae, e.g. via mulching, and integrating rice fields into rice-heterogeneous landscapes likely strengthens biological control of pest species in rice paddies by supporting high populations of spiders between cropping seasons. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00442-020-04601-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-01-30 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7058567/ /pubmed/32002648 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04601-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Ecosystem Ecology–Original Research
Radermacher, Nico
Hartke, Tamara R.
Villareal, Sylvia
Scheu, Stefan
Spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin
title Spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin
title_full Spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin
title_fullStr Spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin
title_full_unstemmed Spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin
title_short Spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin
title_sort spiders in rice-paddy ecosystems shift from aquatic to terrestrial prey and use carbon pools of different origin
topic Ecosystem Ecology–Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7058567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32002648
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04601-3
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