Effect of Standardized Fractions and Tiliroside from Leaves of Tilia americana on Depression Tests in Mice

Depression affects more than 300 million people worldwide, represents one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Depression treatment is based on the use of tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. These drugs, although clinically effective, have also been shown to have delayed onset activity and produce significant adverse side effects. Medicinal plants are presented as a source of study in the search for therapies. This study was aimed to assess the antidepressant effect (on forced swimming test -FST- and tail suspension test -TST-) of different fractions and tiliroside from Tilia americana. The organic fractions (FAC1-1, FAC1-2) and aqueous fractions (FAqC2-1, FAqC2-3) were obtained by column chromatography and the HPLC analysis allowed the standardization based on the concentration (mg/g) of several compounds: FAqC2-1 with tiliroside 20, quercitrin 41.7, and quercetin glucoside 73.8; FAqC2-3 with tiliroside 2.4, quercitrin 16.6 and 7-O-luteolin glucoside 35.9; FAC1-1 caffeic acid was quantified with 7.87 ; FAC1-2 with tiliroside 24.7 and quercitrin 19.8. Each fraction was tested in ICR mice at different dose in the FST and TST, as well as in the open field test (OFT); tiliroside was isolated and tested in such assays (at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg). All fractions were active, the better was FAC1-2, and induced a dose-dependent effect on FST with an ED(50)= 2.59 mg/kg and Emax = 175.4 sec; with a sedative effect in OFT. Tiliroside with like-antidepressant activity, showed a dose-response behavior (ED(50)= 0.04 mg/kg and Emax = 121.42 sec for FST; ED(50)= 0.014 mg/kg and Emax = 78.28 sec for TST).