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Community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt
We tested a feminist social-ecological model to understand community influences on daughters’ experience of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGMC) in Egypt, where over 90% of women ages 15–49 are cut. FGMC has potential adverse effects on demographic and health outcomes and has been defined as a h...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7059929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32142530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229917 |
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author | Yount, Kathryn M. Cheong, Yuk Fai Grose, Rose Grace Hayford, Sarah R. |
author_facet | Yount, Kathryn M. Cheong, Yuk Fai Grose, Rose Grace Hayford, Sarah R. |
author_sort | Yount, Kathryn M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | We tested a feminist social-ecological model to understand community influences on daughters’ experience of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGMC) in Egypt, where over 90% of women ages 15–49 are cut. FGMC has potential adverse effects on demographic and health outcomes and has been defined as a human-rights violation. However, an integrated multilevel-level framework is lacking. We theorized that a more favorable community-level gender system, including stronger gender norms opposing FGMC and expanded extra-familial opportunities for women in the village or neighborhood, would be associated with a daughter’s lower risk of FGMC and would strengthen the negative association of a mother’s opposition to FGMC with her daughter’s risk of cutting. Using a national sample of 14,171 mother-daughter dyads from the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, we estimated multilevel discrete-time hazard models to test these relationships. Community gender norms opposing FGMC had significant direct, negative associations with the hazard that a daughter was cut, but women’s opportunities outside the family did not. Maternal opposition to FGMC was negatively associated with cutting a daughter, and these associations were stronger where community opposition to FGMC and opportunities for women were greater. Results provided good support for a gender-systems framework of the multilevel influences on FGMC. Integrated, multilevel interventions that address gender norms about FGMC and structural opportunities for women in the community, as well as beliefs about the practice among the mothers of at-risk daughters, may be needed for sustainable declines in the practice. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7059929 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70599292020-03-12 Community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt Yount, Kathryn M. Cheong, Yuk Fai Grose, Rose Grace Hayford, Sarah R. PLoS One Research Article We tested a feminist social-ecological model to understand community influences on daughters’ experience of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGMC) in Egypt, where over 90% of women ages 15–49 are cut. FGMC has potential adverse effects on demographic and health outcomes and has been defined as a human-rights violation. However, an integrated multilevel-level framework is lacking. We theorized that a more favorable community-level gender system, including stronger gender norms opposing FGMC and expanded extra-familial opportunities for women in the village or neighborhood, would be associated with a daughter’s lower risk of FGMC and would strengthen the negative association of a mother’s opposition to FGMC with her daughter’s risk of cutting. Using a national sample of 14,171 mother-daughter dyads from the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, we estimated multilevel discrete-time hazard models to test these relationships. Community gender norms opposing FGMC had significant direct, negative associations with the hazard that a daughter was cut, but women’s opportunities outside the family did not. Maternal opposition to FGMC was negatively associated with cutting a daughter, and these associations were stronger where community opposition to FGMC and opportunities for women were greater. Results provided good support for a gender-systems framework of the multilevel influences on FGMC. Integrated, multilevel interventions that address gender norms about FGMC and structural opportunities for women in the community, as well as beliefs about the practice among the mothers of at-risk daughters, may be needed for sustainable declines in the practice. Public Library of Science 2020-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7059929/ /pubmed/32142530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229917 Text en © 2020 Yount et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Yount, Kathryn M. Cheong, Yuk Fai Grose, Rose Grace Hayford, Sarah R. Community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt |
title | Community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt |
title_full | Community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt |
title_fullStr | Community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt |
title_full_unstemmed | Community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt |
title_short | Community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt |
title_sort | community gender systems and a daughter’s risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: multilevel findings from egypt |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7059929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32142530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229917 |
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