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Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent worldwide. In 2018, there were over 1.8 million new cases. Most sporadic CRC develop from polypoid adenomas and are preceded by intramucosal carcinoma (stage 0), which can progress into more malignant forms. This developmental process is known as the adeno...

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Autores principales: Mizutani, Sayaka, Yamada, Takuji, Yachida, Shinichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7060472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31910311
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.14298
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author Mizutani, Sayaka
Yamada, Takuji
Yachida, Shinichi
author_facet Mizutani, Sayaka
Yamada, Takuji
Yachida, Shinichi
author_sort Mizutani, Sayaka
collection PubMed
description Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent worldwide. In 2018, there were over 1.8 million new cases. Most sporadic CRC develop from polypoid adenomas and are preceded by intramucosal carcinoma (stage 0), which can progress into more malignant forms. This developmental process is known as the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence. Early detection and endoscopic removal are crucial for CRC management. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with CRC development in humans. Comprehensive characterization of this microbiota is of great importance to assess its potential as a diagnostic marker in the very early stages of CRC. In this review, we summarized recent studies on CRC‐associated bacteria and their carcinogenic mechanisms in animal models, human cell lines and human cohorts. High‐throughput technologies have facilitated the identification of CRC‐associated bacteria in human samples. We have presented our metagenome and metabolome studies on fecal samples collected from a large Japanese cohort that revealed stage‐specific phenotypes of the microbiota in CRC. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential carcinogenic mechanisms of the gut microbiota, from which we can infer whether changes in the gut microbiota are a cause or effect in the multi‐step process of CRC carcinogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-70604722020-03-11 Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis Mizutani, Sayaka Yamada, Takuji Yachida, Shinichi Cancer Sci Review Articles Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent worldwide. In 2018, there were over 1.8 million new cases. Most sporadic CRC develop from polypoid adenomas and are preceded by intramucosal carcinoma (stage 0), which can progress into more malignant forms. This developmental process is known as the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence. Early detection and endoscopic removal are crucial for CRC management. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with CRC development in humans. Comprehensive characterization of this microbiota is of great importance to assess its potential as a diagnostic marker in the very early stages of CRC. In this review, we summarized recent studies on CRC‐associated bacteria and their carcinogenic mechanisms in animal models, human cell lines and human cohorts. High‐throughput technologies have facilitated the identification of CRC‐associated bacteria in human samples. We have presented our metagenome and metabolome studies on fecal samples collected from a large Japanese cohort that revealed stage‐specific phenotypes of the microbiota in CRC. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential carcinogenic mechanisms of the gut microbiota, from which we can infer whether changes in the gut microbiota are a cause or effect in the multi‐step process of CRC carcinogenesis. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-02-03 2020-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7060472/ /pubmed/31910311 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.14298 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Review Articles
Mizutani, Sayaka
Yamada, Takuji
Yachida, Shinichi
Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
title Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
title_full Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
title_fullStr Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
title_short Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
title_sort significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7060472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31910311
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.14298
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