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Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms

Ultrasound has many uses, such as in medical imaging, monitoring of crystallization, characterization of emulsions and suspensions, and disruption of cell membranes in the food industry. It can also affect microbial cells by promoting or slowing their growth and increasing the production of some met...

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Autores principales: Najjarzadeh, Nasim, Krige, Adolf, Pamidi, Taraka R. K., Johansson, Örjan, Enman, Josefine, Matsakas, Leonidas, Rova, Ulrika, Christakopoulos, Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7065760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32160222
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229738
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author Najjarzadeh, Nasim
Krige, Adolf
Pamidi, Taraka R. K.
Johansson, Örjan
Enman, Josefine
Matsakas, Leonidas
Rova, Ulrika
Christakopoulos, Paul
author_facet Najjarzadeh, Nasim
Krige, Adolf
Pamidi, Taraka R. K.
Johansson, Örjan
Enman, Josefine
Matsakas, Leonidas
Rova, Ulrika
Christakopoulos, Paul
author_sort Najjarzadeh, Nasim
collection PubMed
description Ultrasound has many uses, such as in medical imaging, monitoring of crystallization, characterization of emulsions and suspensions, and disruption of cell membranes in the food industry. It can also affect microbial cells by promoting or slowing their growth and increasing the production of some metabolites. However, the exact mechanism explaining the effect of ultrasound has not been identified yet. Most equipment employed to study the effect of ultrasound on microorganisms has been designed for other applications and then only slightly modified. This results in limited control over ultrasound frequency and input power, or pressure distribution in the reactor. The present study aimed to obtain a well-defined reactor by simulating the pressure distribution of a sonobioreactor. Specifically, we optimized a sonotrode to match the bottle frequency and compared it to measured results to verify the accuracy of the simulation. The measured pressure distribution spectrum presented the same overall trend as the simulated spectrum. However, the peaks were much less intense, likely due to non-linear events such as the collapse of cavitation bubbles. To test the application of the sonobioreactor in biological systems, two biotechnologically interesting microorganisms were assessed: an electroactive bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens, and a lignocellulose-degrading fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. Sonication resulted in increased malate production by G. sulfurreducens, but no major effect on growth. In comparison, morphology and growth of F. oxysporum were more sensitive to ultrasound intensity. Despite considerable morphological changes at 4 W input power, the growth rate was not adversely affected; however, at 12 W, growth was nearly halted. The above findings indicate that the novel sonobioreactor provides an effective tool for studying the impact of ultrasound on microorganisms.
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spelling pubmed-70657602020-03-23 Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms Najjarzadeh, Nasim Krige, Adolf Pamidi, Taraka R. K. Johansson, Örjan Enman, Josefine Matsakas, Leonidas Rova, Ulrika Christakopoulos, Paul PLoS One Research Article Ultrasound has many uses, such as in medical imaging, monitoring of crystallization, characterization of emulsions and suspensions, and disruption of cell membranes in the food industry. It can also affect microbial cells by promoting or slowing their growth and increasing the production of some metabolites. However, the exact mechanism explaining the effect of ultrasound has not been identified yet. Most equipment employed to study the effect of ultrasound on microorganisms has been designed for other applications and then only slightly modified. This results in limited control over ultrasound frequency and input power, or pressure distribution in the reactor. The present study aimed to obtain a well-defined reactor by simulating the pressure distribution of a sonobioreactor. Specifically, we optimized a sonotrode to match the bottle frequency and compared it to measured results to verify the accuracy of the simulation. The measured pressure distribution spectrum presented the same overall trend as the simulated spectrum. However, the peaks were much less intense, likely due to non-linear events such as the collapse of cavitation bubbles. To test the application of the sonobioreactor in biological systems, two biotechnologically interesting microorganisms were assessed: an electroactive bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens, and a lignocellulose-degrading fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. Sonication resulted in increased malate production by G. sulfurreducens, but no major effect on growth. In comparison, morphology and growth of F. oxysporum were more sensitive to ultrasound intensity. Despite considerable morphological changes at 4 W input power, the growth rate was not adversely affected; however, at 12 W, growth was nearly halted. The above findings indicate that the novel sonobioreactor provides an effective tool for studying the impact of ultrasound on microorganisms. Public Library of Science 2020-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7065760/ /pubmed/32160222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229738 Text en © 2020 Najjarzadeh et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Najjarzadeh, Nasim
Krige, Adolf
Pamidi, Taraka R. K.
Johansson, Örjan
Enman, Josefine
Matsakas, Leonidas
Rova, Ulrika
Christakopoulos, Paul
Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms
title Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms
title_full Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms
title_fullStr Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms
title_full_unstemmed Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms
title_short Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms
title_sort numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7065760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32160222
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229738
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