Endoplasmic reticulum targeting fluorescent probes to image mobile Zn(2+)

Zn(2+) plays an important role in the normal function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its deficiency can cause ER stress, which is related to a wide range of diseases. In order to provide tools to better understand the role of mobile Zn(2+) in ER processes, the first custom designed ER-localised fluorescent Zn(2+) probes have been developed through the introduction of a cyclohexyl sulfonylurea as an ER-targeting unit with different Zn(2+) receptors. Experiments in vitro and in cellulo show that both probes have a good fluorescence switch on response to Zn(2+), high selectivity over other cations, low toxicity, ER-specific targeting ability and are efficacious imaging agents for mobile Zn(2+) in four different cell lines. Probe 9 has been used to detect mobile Zn(2+) changes under ER stress induced by both tunicamycin or thapsigargin, which indicates that the new probes should allow a better understanding of the mechanisms cells use to respond to dysfunction of zinc homeostasis in the ER and its role in the initiation and progression of diseases to be developed.