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Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium
Potassium (K(+)) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is involved in charge balance of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, control of membrane electrical potenti...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32211003 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00247 |
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author | Raddatz, Natalia Morales de los Ríos, Laura Lindahl, Marika Quintero, Francisco J. Pardo, José M. |
author_facet | Raddatz, Natalia Morales de los Ríos, Laura Lindahl, Marika Quintero, Francisco J. Pardo, José M. |
author_sort | Raddatz, Natalia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Potassium (K(+)) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is involved in charge balance of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, control of membrane electrical potential, pH homeostasis and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure, whereas nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nitrate (NO(3)(–)) is often the primary nitrogen source, but it also serves as a signaling molecule to the plant. Nitrate regulates root architecture, stimulates shoot growth, delays flowering, regulates abscisic acid-independent stomata opening, and relieves seed dormancy. Plants can sense K(+)/NO(3)(–) levels in soils and adjust accordingly the uptake and root-to-shoot transport to balance the distribution of these ions between organs. On the other hand, in small amounts sodium (Na(+)) is categorized as a “beneficial element” for plants, mainly as a “cheap” osmolyte. However, at high concentrations in the soil, Na(+) can inhibit various physiological processes impairing plant growth. Hence, plants have developed specific mechanisms to transport, sense, and respond to a variety of Na(+) conditions. Sodium is taken up by many K(+) transporters, and a large proportion of Na(+) ions accumulated in shoots appear to be loaded into the xylem by systems that show nitrate dependence. Thus, an adequate supply of mineral nutrients is paramount to reduce the noxious effects of salts and to sustain crop productivity under salt stress. In this review, we will focus on recent research unraveling the mechanisms that coordinate the K(+)-NO(3)(–); Na(+)-NO(3)(–), and K(+)-Na(+) transports, and the regulators controlling their uptake and allocation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7067972 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70679722020-03-24 Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium Raddatz, Natalia Morales de los Ríos, Laura Lindahl, Marika Quintero, Francisco J. Pardo, José M. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Potassium (K(+)) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is involved in charge balance of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, control of membrane electrical potential, pH homeostasis and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure, whereas nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nitrate (NO(3)(–)) is often the primary nitrogen source, but it also serves as a signaling molecule to the plant. Nitrate regulates root architecture, stimulates shoot growth, delays flowering, regulates abscisic acid-independent stomata opening, and relieves seed dormancy. Plants can sense K(+)/NO(3)(–) levels in soils and adjust accordingly the uptake and root-to-shoot transport to balance the distribution of these ions between organs. On the other hand, in small amounts sodium (Na(+)) is categorized as a “beneficial element” for plants, mainly as a “cheap” osmolyte. However, at high concentrations in the soil, Na(+) can inhibit various physiological processes impairing plant growth. Hence, plants have developed specific mechanisms to transport, sense, and respond to a variety of Na(+) conditions. Sodium is taken up by many K(+) transporters, and a large proportion of Na(+) ions accumulated in shoots appear to be loaded into the xylem by systems that show nitrate dependence. Thus, an adequate supply of mineral nutrients is paramount to reduce the noxious effects of salts and to sustain crop productivity under salt stress. In this review, we will focus on recent research unraveling the mechanisms that coordinate the K(+)-NO(3)(–); Na(+)-NO(3)(–), and K(+)-Na(+) transports, and the regulators controlling their uptake and allocation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7067972/ /pubmed/32211003 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00247 Text en Copyright © 2020 Raddatz, Morales de los Ríos, Lindahl, Quintero and Pardo. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Raddatz, Natalia Morales de los Ríos, Laura Lindahl, Marika Quintero, Francisco J. Pardo, José M. Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium |
title | Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium |
title_full | Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium |
title_fullStr | Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium |
title_full_unstemmed | Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium |
title_short | Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium |
title_sort | coordinated transport of nitrate, potassium, and sodium |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32211003 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00247 |
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