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Abundance and Updated Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde Archipelago: A Neglected Threat to Public Health

Background: Mosquito-borne viruses, such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya, are important causes of human diseases nearly worldwide. The greatest health risk for arboviral disease outbreaks is the presence of the most competent and highly invasive domestic mosquito, Aedes aegypti. In Ca...

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Autores principales: Leal, Silvânia Da Veiga, Fernandes Varela, Isaias Baptista, Lopes Gonçalves, Aderitow Augusto, Sousa Monteiro, Davidson Daniel, Ramos de Sousa, Celivianne Marisia, Lima Mendonça, Maria da Luz, De Pina, Adilson José, Alves, Maria João, Osório, Hugo Costa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32079356
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041291
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author Leal, Silvânia Da Veiga
Fernandes Varela, Isaias Baptista
Lopes Gonçalves, Aderitow Augusto
Sousa Monteiro, Davidson Daniel
Ramos de Sousa, Celivianne Marisia
Lima Mendonça, Maria da Luz
De Pina, Adilson José
Alves, Maria João
Osório, Hugo Costa
author_facet Leal, Silvânia Da Veiga
Fernandes Varela, Isaias Baptista
Lopes Gonçalves, Aderitow Augusto
Sousa Monteiro, Davidson Daniel
Ramos de Sousa, Celivianne Marisia
Lima Mendonça, Maria da Luz
De Pina, Adilson José
Alves, Maria João
Osório, Hugo Costa
author_sort Leal, Silvânia Da Veiga
collection PubMed
description Background: Mosquito-borne viruses, such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya, are important causes of human diseases nearly worldwide. The greatest health risk for arboviral disease outbreaks is the presence of the most competent and highly invasive domestic mosquito, Aedes aegypti. In Cabo Verde, two recent arbovirus outbreaks were reported, a dengue outbreak in 2009, followed by a Zika outbreak in 2015. This study is the first entomological survey for Ae. aegypti that includes all islands of Cabo Verde archipelago, in which we aim to evaluate the actual risk of vector-borne arboviruses as a continuous update of the geographical distribution of this species. Methods: In order to assess its current distribution and abundance, we undertook a mosquito larval survey in the nine inhabited islands of Cabo Verde from November 2018 to May 2019. Entomological larval survey indices were calculated, and the abundance analyzed. We collected and identified 4045 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from 264 positive breeding sites in 22 municipalities and confirmed the presence of Ae. aegypti in every inhabited island. Results: Water drums were found to be the most prevalent containers (n = 3843; 62.9%), but puddles (n = 27; 0.4%) were the most productive habitats found. The overall average of the House, Container, and Breteau larval indices were 8.4%, 4.4%, and 10.9, respectively. However, 15 out of the 22 municipalities showed that the Breteau Index was above the epidemic risk threshold. Conclusion: These results suggest that if no vector control measures are considered to be in place, the risk of new arboviral outbreaks in Cabo Verde is high. The vector control strategy adopted must include measures of public health directed to domestic water storage and management.
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spelling pubmed-70683382020-03-19 Abundance and Updated Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde Archipelago: A Neglected Threat to Public Health Leal, Silvânia Da Veiga Fernandes Varela, Isaias Baptista Lopes Gonçalves, Aderitow Augusto Sousa Monteiro, Davidson Daniel Ramos de Sousa, Celivianne Marisia Lima Mendonça, Maria da Luz De Pina, Adilson José Alves, Maria João Osório, Hugo Costa Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Mosquito-borne viruses, such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya, are important causes of human diseases nearly worldwide. The greatest health risk for arboviral disease outbreaks is the presence of the most competent and highly invasive domestic mosquito, Aedes aegypti. In Cabo Verde, two recent arbovirus outbreaks were reported, a dengue outbreak in 2009, followed by a Zika outbreak in 2015. This study is the first entomological survey for Ae. aegypti that includes all islands of Cabo Verde archipelago, in which we aim to evaluate the actual risk of vector-borne arboviruses as a continuous update of the geographical distribution of this species. Methods: In order to assess its current distribution and abundance, we undertook a mosquito larval survey in the nine inhabited islands of Cabo Verde from November 2018 to May 2019. Entomological larval survey indices were calculated, and the abundance analyzed. We collected and identified 4045 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from 264 positive breeding sites in 22 municipalities and confirmed the presence of Ae. aegypti in every inhabited island. Results: Water drums were found to be the most prevalent containers (n = 3843; 62.9%), but puddles (n = 27; 0.4%) were the most productive habitats found. The overall average of the House, Container, and Breteau larval indices were 8.4%, 4.4%, and 10.9, respectively. However, 15 out of the 22 municipalities showed that the Breteau Index was above the epidemic risk threshold. Conclusion: These results suggest that if no vector control measures are considered to be in place, the risk of new arboviral outbreaks in Cabo Verde is high. The vector control strategy adopted must include measures of public health directed to domestic water storage and management. MDPI 2020-02-17 2020-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7068338/ /pubmed/32079356 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041291 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Leal, Silvânia Da Veiga
Fernandes Varela, Isaias Baptista
Lopes Gonçalves, Aderitow Augusto
Sousa Monteiro, Davidson Daniel
Ramos de Sousa, Celivianne Marisia
Lima Mendonça, Maria da Luz
De Pina, Adilson José
Alves, Maria João
Osório, Hugo Costa
Abundance and Updated Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde Archipelago: A Neglected Threat to Public Health
title Abundance and Updated Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde Archipelago: A Neglected Threat to Public Health
title_full Abundance and Updated Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde Archipelago: A Neglected Threat to Public Health
title_fullStr Abundance and Updated Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde Archipelago: A Neglected Threat to Public Health
title_full_unstemmed Abundance and Updated Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde Archipelago: A Neglected Threat to Public Health
title_short Abundance and Updated Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde Archipelago: A Neglected Threat to Public Health
title_sort abundance and updated distribution of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in cabo verde archipelago: a neglected threat to public health
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32079356
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041291
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