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Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey
The world of sports has a complex association to problem gambling, and the sparse research examining problem gambling in athletes has suggested an increased prevalence and particularly high male predominance. The present study aimed to study frequency and correlates of problem gambling in population...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068575/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041342 |
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author | Håkansson, Anders Entezarjou, Artin Kenttä, Göran Fernández-Aranda, Fernando Jiménez-Murcia, Susana Gunnarsson, Björn |
author_facet | Håkansson, Anders Entezarjou, Artin Kenttä, Göran Fernández-Aranda, Fernando Jiménez-Murcia, Susana Gunnarsson, Björn |
author_sort | Håkansson, Anders |
collection | PubMed |
description | The world of sports has a complex association to problem gambling, and the sparse research examining problem gambling in athletes has suggested an increased prevalence and particularly high male predominance. The present study aimed to study frequency and correlates of problem gambling in populations with moderate to high involvement in fitness or physical exercise. This is a self-selective online survey focusing on addictive behaviors in physical exercise distributed by ‘fitness influencers’ on social media and other online fitness forums to their followers. Respondents were included if they reported exercise at least thrice weekly, were above 15 years of age, and provided informed consent (N = 3088). Problem gambling, measured with the Lie/Bet, was studied in association with demographic data, substance use, and mental health variables. The occurrence of lifetime problem gambling was 8 percent (12 percent in men, one percent in women). In logistic regression, problem gambling was associated with male gender, younger age, risky alcohol drinking, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and less frequent exercise habits. In conclusion, in this self-recruited population with moderate to high fitness involvement, problem gambling was moderately elevated. As shown previously in elite athletes, the male predominance was larger than in the general population. The findings strengthen the link between problem gambling and the world of sports. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7068575 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70685752020-03-19 Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey Håkansson, Anders Entezarjou, Artin Kenttä, Göran Fernández-Aranda, Fernando Jiménez-Murcia, Susana Gunnarsson, Björn Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The world of sports has a complex association to problem gambling, and the sparse research examining problem gambling in athletes has suggested an increased prevalence and particularly high male predominance. The present study aimed to study frequency and correlates of problem gambling in populations with moderate to high involvement in fitness or physical exercise. This is a self-selective online survey focusing on addictive behaviors in physical exercise distributed by ‘fitness influencers’ on social media and other online fitness forums to their followers. Respondents were included if they reported exercise at least thrice weekly, were above 15 years of age, and provided informed consent (N = 3088). Problem gambling, measured with the Lie/Bet, was studied in association with demographic data, substance use, and mental health variables. The occurrence of lifetime problem gambling was 8 percent (12 percent in men, one percent in women). In logistic regression, problem gambling was associated with male gender, younger age, risky alcohol drinking, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and less frequent exercise habits. In conclusion, in this self-recruited population with moderate to high fitness involvement, problem gambling was moderately elevated. As shown previously in elite athletes, the male predominance was larger than in the general population. The findings strengthen the link between problem gambling and the world of sports. MDPI 2020-02-19 2020-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7068575/ /pubmed/32093056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041342 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Håkansson, Anders Entezarjou, Artin Kenttä, Göran Fernández-Aranda, Fernando Jiménez-Murcia, Susana Gunnarsson, Björn Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey |
title | Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey |
title_full | Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey |
title_fullStr | Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey |
title_full_unstemmed | Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey |
title_short | Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey |
title_sort | problem gambling in the fitness world—a general population web survey |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068575/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041342 |
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