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Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time

A distance map captured using a time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor has fundamental problems, such as ambiguous depth information in shiny or dark surfaces, optical noise, and mismatched boundaries. Severe depth errors exist in shiny and dark surfaces owing to excess reflection and excess absorption o...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Baek, Eu-Tteum, Yang, Hyung-Jeong, Kim, Soo-Hyung, Lee, Gueesang, Jeong, Hieyong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070819/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093157
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041156
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author Baek, Eu-Tteum
Yang, Hyung-Jeong
Kim, Soo-Hyung
Lee, Gueesang
Jeong, Hieyong
author_facet Baek, Eu-Tteum
Yang, Hyung-Jeong
Kim, Soo-Hyung
Lee, Gueesang
Jeong, Hieyong
author_sort Baek, Eu-Tteum
collection PubMed
description A distance map captured using a time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor has fundamental problems, such as ambiguous depth information in shiny or dark surfaces, optical noise, and mismatched boundaries. Severe depth errors exist in shiny and dark surfaces owing to excess reflection and excess absorption of light, respectively. Dealing with this problem has been a challenge due to the inherent hardware limitations of ToF, which measures the distance using the number of reflected photons. This study proposes a distance error correction method using three ToF sensors, set to different integration times to address the ambiguity in depth information. First, the three ToF depth sensors are installed horizontally at different integration times to capture distance maps at different integration times. Given the amplitude maps and error regions are estimated based on the amount of light, the estimated error regions are refined by exploiting the accurate depth information from the neighboring depth sensors that use different integration times. Moreover, we propose a new optical noise reduction filter that considers the distribution of the depth information biased toward one side. Experimental results verified that the proposed method overcomes the drawbacks of ToF cameras and provides enhanced distance maps.
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spelling pubmed-70708192020-03-19 Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time Baek, Eu-Tteum Yang, Hyung-Jeong Kim, Soo-Hyung Lee, Gueesang Jeong, Hieyong Sensors (Basel) Article A distance map captured using a time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor has fundamental problems, such as ambiguous depth information in shiny or dark surfaces, optical noise, and mismatched boundaries. Severe depth errors exist in shiny and dark surfaces owing to excess reflection and excess absorption of light, respectively. Dealing with this problem has been a challenge due to the inherent hardware limitations of ToF, which measures the distance using the number of reflected photons. This study proposes a distance error correction method using three ToF sensors, set to different integration times to address the ambiguity in depth information. First, the three ToF depth sensors are installed horizontally at different integration times to capture distance maps at different integration times. Given the amplitude maps and error regions are estimated based on the amount of light, the estimated error regions are refined by exploiting the accurate depth information from the neighboring depth sensors that use different integration times. Moreover, we propose a new optical noise reduction filter that considers the distribution of the depth information biased toward one side. Experimental results verified that the proposed method overcomes the drawbacks of ToF cameras and provides enhanced distance maps. MDPI 2020-02-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7070819/ /pubmed/32093157 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041156 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Baek, Eu-Tteum
Yang, Hyung-Jeong
Kim, Soo-Hyung
Lee, Gueesang
Jeong, Hieyong
Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time
title Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time
title_full Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time
title_fullStr Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time
title_full_unstemmed Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time
title_short Distance Error Correction in Time-of-Flight Cameras Using Asynchronous Integration Time
title_sort distance error correction in time-of-flight cameras using asynchronous integration time
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070819/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093157
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041156
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